What is the primary life cycle sustainment objective of the engineering and manufacturing development phase?

The fifth phase of the Defense Acquisition System as defined and established by DoDI 5000.02 after Materiel Solution Analysis (MSA), Technology Maturation and Risk Reduction (TMRR), Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD), and Production and Deployment (P&D). The purpose of the O&S phase is to execute the Product Support Strategy, satisfy materiel readiness and operational performance requirements, and sustain the system over its life cycle (to include disposal). This phase has two major efforts: Life Cycle Sustainment and Disposal. The phase is not initiated by a formal milestone, but instead begins with the deployment of the first system to the field, an act that initiates the Life Cycle Sustainment effort of this phase. The Life Cycle Sustainment Plan (LCSP), prepared, by the Program Manager and approved by the Milestone Decision Authority (MDA), is the basis for activities during this part of the phase. The Life Cycle Sustainment effort overlaps the Full-Rate Production (FRP) or Full Deployment part of the P&D phase. At the end of its useful life, a system will be demilitarized and disposed of in accordance with all legal and regulatory requirements and policy relating to safety (including explosives safety), security, and the environment.

Source: DoDI 5000.02

Life-Cycle Sustainment involves the early planning, development, implementation, and management of a comprehensive, affordable, effective performance-driven logistics support strategy. It plays a key role during all phases of the life cycle. The goal is to ensure sustainment considerations are integrated into all planning, implementation, management, and oversight activities associated with the acquisition, development, production, fielding, support, and disposal of a system across its life cycle. This includes: [1]

  • Participating in the design process to acquire a highly supportable and sustainable system
  • Providing affordable, reliable, effective support strategies and systems that meet the user’s requirements with optimum materiel availability
  • Developing the appropriate metrics to validate and verify the system engineering design process, and measure the performance of the support strategy/supply chain
  • Providing the user effective systems with the minimal logistics footprint (e.g., the measurable size or “presence” of logistics support, including manpower, required to deploy, sustain, and move a system).
  • Developing more integrated and streamlined acquisition and statutorily compliant logistics support processes
  • Facilitating iterative technology enhancements during the system life cycle

Life-Cycle Sustainment Plan (LCSP)

The Life-Cycle Sustainment Plan (LCSP) is required by DoD Instruction 5000.02 “Enclosure 6” and documents the Program Manager‘s (PM) and Product Support Manager’s (PSM) plan for formulating, implementing, and executing the sustainment strategy. The plan is included in the overall Acquisition Strategy of a program and describing the approach and resources necessary to develop and integrate sustainment requirements into the system‘s design, development, Testing & Evaluation, fielding, and operations. It also details the development of a product support package (including any support contracts) and how they contribute to the Warfighter‘s mission requirements by achieving and maintaining the Sustainment Key Performance Parameters (KPP) and Key System Attributes (KSA).

  • [1] Defense Acquisition Guidebook (DAG)
  • MIL-HDBK-502A “Product Support Analysis” – 8 Mar 2013
  • DoD Product Support Manager Guidebook – April 2011
  • Integrated Product Support Element Guidebook, Chapter 3 – Dec 2011

Updated: 7/14/2021

Rank: G3

What is the primary life cycle sustainment objective of the engineering and manufacturing development phase?


The Engineering & Manufacturing Development (EMD) Phase is where a system is developed and designed before going into production. The EMD Phase starts after a successful Milestone B which is considered the formal start of any program.  The goal of this phase is to complete the development of a system or increment of capability, complete full system integration, develop affordable and executable manufacturing processes, complete system fabrication, and test and evaluate the system before proceeding into the Production and Deployment (PD) Phase.

See: DoD Instruction 5000.85 “Major Capability Acquisitions” Section 3.11

The Purpose of the Engineering & Manufacturing Development (EMD) Phase

The purpose of the EMD Phase is to: (See Milestone Activity Map)

  • Develop a system or increment of capability,
  • Design-in critical supportability aspects to ensure materiel availability with particular attention to reducing the logistics footprint,
  • Integrate hardware, software, and human systems,
  • Design for producibility,
  • Ensure affordability and protection of critical program information,
  • Demonstrate system integration, interoperability, supportability, safety, and utility, and
  • Ensure operational supportability with particular attention to minimizing the logistics footprint
  • Demonstrate Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and sustainment features are included in the design of a system

Engineering & Manufacturing Development (EMD) Phase Results

In the EMD phase, the system architecture and system elements down to the configuration item (hardware and software) level are defined based upon the technology selected and integrated during the Materiel Solution Analysis (MSA) and the Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction (TD) Phase.  During this phase, the system design requirements are allocated to the major subsystem level and are refined as a result of developmental and operational tests.  The support concept and strategy are also refined with detailed design-to requirements determined for the product support package elements.

Engineering & Manufacturing Development (EMD) Phase Efforts

The EMD phase consists of two major efforts: (1) Integrated System Design and System Capability and (2) Manufacturing Process Demonstration. These two major efforts integrated the end item components and subsystems into a fully operational and supportable system. They also complete the detailed design to meet performance requirements with a producible and sustainable design and reduce system-level risk. EMD typically includes the demonstration of production prototype articles or Engineering Development Models (EDM).

Developmental Test and Evaluation (DT&E) During the EMD Phase

During the EMD phase, a program will go through Developmental Test and Evaluation (DT&E). The purpose of DT&E is to inform the Program Manager and project personnel on the status of hardware and software on their program with respect to development design progress, product compliance with program requirements, and how well they are achieving Key Performance Parameters (KPPs) and Key System Attributes (KSAs).

Engineering & Manufacturing Development (EMD) Phase Reviews

Below are the major reviews conducted during the EMD Phase:

  • Integrated Baseline Review (IBR)
  • Critical Design Review (CDR)
  • Test Readiness Review (TRR)
  • Flight Readiness Review (FRR)
  • System Verification Review (SVR)
  • Functional Configuration Audit (FCA)
  • Production Readiness Review (PRR)
  • Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA)

Engineering & Manufacturing Development (EMD) Phase Completion Criteria

The completion of the EMD phase is determined when the system design is stable and meets all its requirements, programmatic objectives and the Exit Criteria has been achieved. The following are criteria to determine if a program can continue into the Production & Deployment Phase.

  • Validated capability requirements;
  • Demonstrated manufacturing processes;
  • Functional software sustainment processes;
  • Available industrial production capabilities;
  • Program security; and
  • Met Exit Criteria and Milestone C entrance criteria per the MDA’s direction.

AcqNotes Tutorial

AcqTips:

  • DoD Instruction 5000.85 describes the activities conducted during and information resulting from the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) Phase.
  • See Defense Acquisition Life Cycle Wall Chart  for more information on what needs to be accomplished in this phase
  • Defense Acquisition Guidebook (DAG) – Chapter 1
  • DoD Instruction 5000.85 “Major Capability Acquisitions” 
  • Milestone Requirements Matrix

Updated: 12/19/2021

Rank: G1

What is the primary life cycle sustainment?

Life cycle sustainment comprises the range of planning, implementation and execution activities that support the sustainment of weapon systems.

What is the purpose of the Engineering and manufacturing development phase?

The goal of this phase is to complete the development of a system or increment of capability, complete full system integration, develop affordable and executable manufacturing processes, complete system fabrication, and test and evaluate the system before proceeding into the Production and Deployment (PD) Phase.

In which phase of the life cycle does the life cycle sustainment plan focus on development?

Milestone A: The LCSP will focus on the development of sustainment metrics to influence the design and the product support strategy, and on actions that can be taken prior to Milestone B to reduce future operating and support costs, including software sustainment.

Which of the following are strategies for life cycle sustainment?

Which of the following are strategies of life cycle sustainment? considerations and trade-offs that take place during the development and fielding of a weapon system.