Which of the following respiratory rates would be identified as normal for an infant?
Topic OverviewWhat are vital signs?Vital signs include heart rate, respiration (breathing rate), blood pressure, and temperature. Knowing the ranges for vital signs for your child can help you notice problems early or relieve concerns you may have about how your child is doing. The table below includes information that can help. Show
Learn moreLearn more about how to take your child's temperature, take a pulse, measure blood pressure, and count breaths with these topics:
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Adaptation Date: 4/29/2022 Adapted By: HealthLink BC Adaptation Reviewed By: HealthLink BC During evaluation, conduct the primary assessment, secondary assessment, and diagnostic tests. If at any time a condition is determined to be life-threatening, intervene immediately. Assessment Assessment Techniques Abnormal Findings Interventions A – Airway Observe for movement of the chest or abdomen; Listen to the chest for breath sounds Obstructed but maintainable Keep airway open by head tilt/chin lift Obstructed and cannot be opened with simple interventions Keep airway open using advanced interventions B – Breathing Rate <10 or >60 = Abnormal (apnea, bradypnea, tachypnea) Immediate respiratory intervention required Effort Nasal flaring, head bobbing, seesaw respirations, retractions Immediate respiratory intervention required Chest or abdominal expansion Asymmetrical or no chest movement Immediate respiratory intervention required Breath sounds Stridor, grunting, wheezing, rales, rhonchi Immediate respiratory intervention required Oxygen saturation (O2 sat) <94% on room air <90% at any time Supplemental oxygen Advanced airway C – Circulation Heart rate Bradycardia Bradycardia Algorithm Tachycardia Tachycardia Algorithm Absent Cardiac Arrest Algorithm Peripheral pulses (radial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis) Diminished or absent Close monitoring Central pulses (femoral, brachial, carotid, and axillary) Diminished or absent Management of Pediatric Shock Capillary refill >2 seconds Management of Pediatric Shock Skin color/temperature Pale mucous membranes Management of Pediatric Shock Central cyanosis Immediate respiratory intervention required Peripheral cyanosis Management of Pediatric Shock Blood pressure Outside normal range for age Management of Pediatric Shock D – Disability AVPU Scale Alert – Awake, active, responsive to parents (normal) Uoice – Responds only to voice Pain – Responds only to pain Unresponsive – Not responsive Monitor and consult neurologist Glasgow Coma Scale Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale Pupils Unequal or non-reactive E – Exposure General evaluation Signs of bleeding, burns, trauma, petechiae, and purpura Management of Pediatric Shock Table 3: Primary Assessment Model Use the Primary Assessment to evaluate the child using vital signs and an ABCDE model: A – Airway Head tilt-chin lift and jaw thrust may be used to open the airway quickly and without the use of an advanced airway. The jaw thrust maneuver is preferred when a cervical spine injury is suspected or cannot be ruled out. Advanced interventions for maintaining a patent airway may
include: B – Breathing The child’s respiratory rate is an important assessment that should be made early in the primary assessment process. The clinician must be aware of normal respiratory ranges by age: Age Category Age Range Normal Respiratory Rate Infant 0-12 months 30-60 per minute Toddler 1-3 years 24-40 per minute Preschooler 4-5 years 22-34 per minute School age 6-12 years 18-30 per minute Adolescent 13-18 years 12-16 per minute Table 4: Normal Respiratory Rates A respiratory rate that is consistently below 10 or above 60 breaths per minute indicates a problem that needs immediate attention. Periodic breathing is not unusual in infants; therefore, you may have to spend more time observing the infant’s breathing to determine true bradypnea or tachypnea. Nasal flaring and retractions indicate increased work of breathing. Head bobbling or seesaw respirations are potential
signs of impending deterioration. Likewise, slow and/or irregular breathing suggest imminent respiratory arrest. C – Circulation The child’s heart rate is another important assessment that should be made in the primary assessment. The normal heart rates by age are: Age Category Age Range Normal Heart Rate Newborn 0-3 months 80-205 per minute Infant/young child 4 months to 2 years 75-190 per minute Child/school age 2-10 years 60-140 per minute Older child/ adolescent Over 10 years 50-100 per minute Table 5: Normal Heart Rates The child’s blood pressure should be another part of the primary assessment. Normal blood pressures by age range are: Age Category Age Range Systolic Blood Pressure Diastolic Blood Pressure Abnormally Low Systolic Pressure 1 Day 60-76 30-45 <60 Neonate 4 Days 67-84 35-53 <60 Infant To 1 month 73-94 36-56 <70 Infant 1-3 months 78-103 44-65 <70 Infant 4-6 months 82-105 46-68 <70 Infant 7-12 months 67-104 20-60 <70 + (age in years x 2) Preschool 2-6 years 70-106 25-65 <70 + (age in years x 2) School Age 7-14 years 79-115 38-78 <70 + (age in years x 2) Adolescent 15-18 years 93-131 45-85 <90 Table 6: Normal Blood Pressure D – Disability One of the assessments of level of consciousness in a child is the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Response Score Verbal Child Pre-Verbal Child Eye opening 4 3 2 1 Spontaneously To verbal command To pain None Spontaneously To speech To pain None Verbal response 5 4 3 2 1 Oriented and talking Confused but talking Inappropriate words Sounds only None Cooing and babbling Crying and irritable Crying with pain only Moaning with pain only None Motor response 6 5 4 3 2 1 Obeys commands Localizes with pain Flexion and withdrawal Abnormal flexion Abnormal extension None Spontaneous movement Withdraws when touched Withdraws with pain Abnormal flexion Abnormal extension None Total Possible Score 3-15 Table 7: Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale When there is a suspected or known head injury, a GCS score of 13 to 15 is considered mild, 9 to 12 is moderate, and 3 to 8 is severe. In intubated or sedated children, motor response provides the most important information. The lower the motor response score, the more serious the deficit/injury. E – Exposure If the provider finds any abnormal symptoms in this category they
should assess and treat the child for shock (see Unit Seven: Management of Pediatric Shock, particularly Interventions for Initial Management of Shock). During the primary assessment, if the child is stable and does not have a potentially life-threatening problem, continue with the secondary assessment. What is the normal respiratory of infant?A newborn's normal breathing rate is about 40 to 60 times per minute. This may slow to 30 to 40 times per minute when the baby is sleeping. A baby's breathing pattern may also be different.
What is normal child respiratory rate?Infant (0-12 months old): 30 to 60 breaths per minute. Toddler (1-3 years old): 24-40 breaths per minute. Preschooler (4-5 years old): 22-34 breaths per minute. School-aged child (6-12 years old): 18-30 breaths per minute.
Which of the following is a normal heart rate and respiratory rate for an infant?Normally 120 to 160 beats per minute. It may be much slower when an infant sleeps. Breathing rate. Normally 40 to 60 breaths per minute.
Which of the following respiratory rate would be identified as normal for a child 1 3 years of age?Breathing Rate
Infant 2 months to 1 year: 50 breaths per minute. Preschool Child 1 to 5 years: 40 breaths per minute. School-age Child: 20-30 breaths per minute. Adults: 20 breaths per minute.
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