What is the difference between national health insurance and national health system quizlet?

Insurance is a system/service that essentially protects the insured against risks. The general principles of risk are as follows (1) risk is unpredictable for an individual, (2) risk can be predicted for a group or population with some degree of accuracy, (3) by gathering resources, insurance can shift the risk from an individual to the group, and (4) equitable losses are shared by all members.

The types of private health insurance options are group insurance, self-insurance, individual private insurance, and MCOs.

Group insurance: an insurance that covers a defined group of people

Self-insurance: insurance of one's interests by maintaining a fund to cover possible losses rather than by purchasing an insurance policy.

Individual private insurance: determines premium price and eligibility based on risk calculated by an individual's health status and demographic

Managed Care Plans: consists of HMOs and PPO

We are the only country that does not guarantee universal health care coverage to all of its citizens.

Bismarck model-
Countries that use it:
German, Japan, Belgium, Switzerland, and Latin American countries
What is it:
It's a private multi payer system. health insurance plans purchased from privately owned insurance firms which is usually purchased through employment payroll deduction.
What part of the US operate like this :
we mostly use this in America.
difference:
insurance companies are basically non-profits by law. companies can't exclude based on preexisting conditions. more incentives and requirements for employers to provide insurance
results:
universal coverage

The Beveridge Model-
countries that use it:
Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Scandinavian countries
What is it:
medical services are treated as a right and a public good - public single-player system. which are funded by taxes (no medical bills), doctors are public (government run care facilities) and private. services are all bought and paid for by the government tax revenue. low cost per person (government also controls medical services costs).
what part of the US operate like this:
military and veterans (VA), native Americans (IHA)
results:
universal coverage

The National Health insurance model (NHI)
countries that use it:
Canada, Australia, Taiwan, South Korea
what is it:
medical services still treated as a right and public good - single payer system but privately provided care. Founded by taxes into a specific and isolate government fund (no medical bills, no chance of funds being redistributed). doctors and care facilities are private institutions. services are privately dispensed, but all bought and paid by government tax revenue, not private insurance. Low cost per person- government also controls medical service costs. every citizen pays into the system.
what part of the US is like this:
Medicare coverage
results:
universal coverage

the out of pocket model-
Countries:
most developing countries
what is it:
medical care is paid for by the patient as needed- no insurance plan or government issued payment or distribution system. this works for the "god-forbid" parts of life. this does not work well with chronic conditions requiring repeated treatments.
what part of the US is like this:
the uninsured. technically since we don't have national play we could be considered this because of stratified, unequal, and spotty coverage is what we got!
results: stratified, unequal, and spotty coverage

US healthcare "system"
We combined all the top above(Military veterans, over 65 out of pocket)

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