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Thể loại Tài liệu miễn phí Y học thường thức

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Ngày tạo 8/30/2018 3:47:01 AM +00:00

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1. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH Noi Dung Chuong Trinh (18t) CAC HOP CHAT TU NHIEN Phan I: Terpenes Phan II: Steroids Phan III: Alkaloids Phan IV: Cac hop chat tu nhien quan trong khac Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
2. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1-TERPENES Terpen la ten duoc Dumas dat cho tinh dau co trong dau turpentine vao nam 1866. Terpene phan bo rong rai trong tu nhien, thanh phan de bay hoi trong cac loai dau thuc vat. Cau truc cua terpene bao gom cac monomer duoc goi la isoprene. Isoprenoid la ten goi khac cua terpen. Myrcene duoc tach tu bayberry oil Cau truc camphor duoc xac dinh boi Bredt vao nam 1893, Pinene boi Wagner 1894, citral boi Tiemann 1895, β-carotene duoc tach tu carrots vao nam 1837 boi Wackenrodder va den nam 1907 cau truc chinh xac da duoc xac dinh boi Willstaetter. Giai doan tu 1945, phat minh ky thuat sac ky, pho, nhieu terpenes da duoc xac dinh. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
3. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH Mot So Terpenes O O Camphor Pinene Citral OH β-carotene Vitamin A Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
4. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1 Su Phan Loai Terpenes Isoprene Carbon Terpenes units atoms 1 Monoterpenes 2 10 2 Sesquiterpenes 3 15 3 Diterpenes 4 20 4 Sesterpenes 5 25 5 Triterpenes 6 30 6 Carotenoids 8 40 7 Rubber > 100 > 500 Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
5. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1 MONOTERPENES Monoterpenes la thanh phan tinh dau thom co trong la, hoa qua cua mot so loai thuc vat nhu Labiatae, Pinaceae, Rutaceae, Umbelliferae. Tinh dau thom duoc dung trong cong nghe hoa my pham, nuoc hoa, chat mau, mui thuc pham. Mot so monoterpenes nhu camphor o dang tinh khiet, con da so o dang hon hop cac dong phan (isomers) kho tach. Tren 700 cau truc da duoc xac dinh. Monoterpenes duoc chia lam 03 loai: acyclic, monocyclic va bicyclic. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
6. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1.1 ACYCLIC MONOTERPENES Acyclic monoterpenes pho bien la geraniol, linalool, nerol va citronellol. Citronellol o dang tu do hoac dang ester trong nhieu loai dau thuc vat (Rutaceae) duoc su dung trong cong nghe nuoc hoa. Acyclic monoterpenes co the duoc xem la dan chat cua 2,6-dimethyloctan. 2,6-dimethyloctan Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
7. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1.1 ACYCLIC MONOTERPENES Acyclic monoterpenes pho bien la geraniol, linalool, nerol va citronellol. Citronellol o dang tu do hoac dang ester trong nhieu loai dau thuc vat (Rutaceae) duoc su dung trong cong nghe nuoc hoa. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
8. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1.2 MONOCYCLIC MONOTERPENES Monocyclic monoterpenes pho bien la limonene, α-terpineol, terpinolene cung voi 02 loai tinh dau kha pho bien cua la bac ha la menthol va menthone. Monocyclic monoterpenes co the duoc xem la dan chat cua cyclohexane voi nhom the methyl va isopropyl. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
9. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1.2 MONOCYCLIC MONOTERPENES Monocyclic monoterpenes pho bien la limonene, α-terpineol, terpinolene cung voi 02 loai tinh dau kha pho bien cua la bac ha la menthol va menthone. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
10. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.1.3 BICYCLIC MONOTERPENES Bicyclic monoterpenes tinh dau pho bien trong mot so loai thuc vat α-pinene, β-pinene, borneol va thujone. O camphor pinene Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
11. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.2 SESQUITERPENES Sesquiterpenes la thanh phan tinh dau thom co trong la Labiatae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae and Pinaceae. O O OH OH Abscisic acid (Hormone thuc vat) Farnesol . Curcumene Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
12. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.3 DITERPENES Diterpenes la thanh phan resin co nhiet do soi cao cua phan con lai sau khi chung cat tinh dau. OH Vitamin A . Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
13. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.3 DITERPENES Dang hoat dong nhat cua vitamin E la α-tocopherol (chuoi phytyl bao hoa). α-tocopherol, co cau hinh tuyet doi 2R-(4'R,8'R)-5,7,8-trimethyltocol, tocol la 02 vong ngung tu. . Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
14. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.3 DITERPENES α-tocopherol duoc tach ra tu dau mam hat lua mi vao nam 1936, ten tocopherol bat nguon tu tieng Greek phero nghia la "to bring" va tu tocos, nghia "childbirth”. Vitamin E tac nhan chong oxi hoa. Vitamin K duoc tim thay 1929 tu nghien cuu cua H. Dam ve qua trinh chuyen hoa cholesterol trong chim, ong nhan thay nhung trieu chung suy giam moi tu nhung con chim co che do an kieng chat beo, de bi chay mau, va thoi gian dong mau keo dai. Nam 1939 nhom nghien cuu Doisy da tach duoc vitamin K tu dich chiet hexane. . Nam 1943 giai Nobel y hoc da duoc trao cho 02 tac gia da kham pha ra vitamin K. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
15. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.3 DITERPENES . Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
16. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.4 SESTERPENES Sesterpenes duoc tach tu vo cua con trung va tu nam. . Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
17. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 1.1.5 TRITERPENES Triterpenoids tao ra nhom lon cac hop chat tu nhien steroids, sterols. Squalene la chat trung gian sinh hoc cua tat ca cac triterpenoids. Dau gan ca map . Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
18. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 2. STEROIDS - CHOLESTEROL Steroids la loai lipid co nhieu chuc nang trong doi song, la dan chat tu squalene bang phan ung dong vong, dehydrogen hoa, phan ung the. Steroids co cau truc co ban gom he 04 vong ngung tu A, B, C, D. Cholesterol la steroid co so luong lon nhat, la chat trung gian cua tat ca cac steroids trong dong vat. Nguoi truong thanh co trung binh khoang hon 200 g cholesterol chua trong cac mo co the, luong lon trong nao va tuy song. Cholesterol la thanh phan boi dap thanh mach mau, can tro su luu thong cua mau trong he tuan hoan. Cholesterol o dang tu do nhom alcohol hoac duoc ester hoa boi cac acid beo khac nhau. . Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
19. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 2. STEROIDS - CHOLESTEROL 21 22 24 26 18 12 20 23 25 17 27 19 11 13 C D 1 9 14 16 2 A 10 H 8 H 15 B HO 3 5 7 4 6 . He vong ngung tu trong steroids Cau truc Cholesterol Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai
20. HOA HOC DAI CUONG DAI HOC Y DUOC TP. HO CHI MINH 2. STEROIDS - CHOLESTEROL Che do an co cholesterol lien quan den benh dong mo trong mach mau (atherosclerosis) va benh tim mach. Ham luong high-density lipoproteins (HDL) va low-density lipoproteins (LDL) trong mau can duoc xem xet. Cholesterol la lipid hau nhu khong tan trong nuoc, nen phai duoc nhu tuong hoa de co the di chuyen trong mau, nho vao chuc nang cua lipoproteins co the nhu tuong hoa va phan bo lipid khap co the. HDL dong vai tro chuyen cholesterol tu te bao vao gan de duoc oxi hoa thanh acid mat, chat dong vai tro quan trong trong qua trinh tieu hoa va bai tiet cholesterol khoi co the. Vi the, neu luong HDL cao lien quan den “good” cholesterol. LDL mang cholesterol den te bao qua do tao su ngung dong cholesterol o thanh mach. Neu . luong LDL cao lien quan den “bad” cholesterol va la nguyen nhan cua benh tim mach, xo vua mach mau. Luong LDL tang cao o nhung nguoi hut thuoc, an che do an nhieu mo. Y – DUOC – RHM Dr. DANG Van Hoai

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