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LASERS. Final Report, 1 May 1972-30 April 1973. Alting- Mees, H. [Hughes Research Labs., Malibu, Calif. [USA]].

Hendee, W.R. [Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Aug 1973. Contract N60921-72-C-0306. 98p. NTIS $4.00.

Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80220]. Med. Phys. 1: No. 3, The basic objective of this program was to determine the

141-147 [1 May 1974]. feasibility of a particular Hughes switching concept in a high

In general, the dimensions of the effective focal spot of an x-ray

tube vary with tube current and voltage. This dependence on tube repetition rate laser power conditioning system using inductive

operating conditions has been noted in the literature but has not been energy storage [IES]. A second objective was to compare a con- investigated in detail. Star phantom measurements of seven focal spots ventional capacitive system and an inductive system [using the

for four x-ray tubes operated at a variety of tube voltages and Hughes switching concept] in order to determine which system

currents show that effective focal – spot size varies as IV – 347. This is the most appropriate for projected applications. The Hughes

dependence may be sup liquid-metal cathode plasma valve [LMPV] played a major role

sed for the focal - spot dimension

perpendicular to the tube axis, however, because of auxiliary electrostatic in this investigation because it is, at present, the only device

focusing. Experimental data are presented with a theoretical explanation capable of carrying high average currents with attendant recovery of the relationship between effective focal – spot size and tube operating rates comparable to vacuum devices. The program was divided conditions. [auth] into three tasks. These tasks were: [1] Using the LMPV, evaluate experimentally different interruption methods; [2] through a scaling

26708 LASER - INDUCED PLASMA PERTURBATION study provide a preliminary design of an 8.5-kA average, 10-KA

STUDIES OF ENERGY TRANSFER IN CO2 GLOW - DISCHARGE peak, 100-kV LMPV; and [3] perform a systems study. [GRA]

LASERS. Gower, M.C.; Carswell, A.I. [Department of Physics and

CRESS, York University, Toronto, Canada]. J. Appl. Phys. 45: No. 9, 26703 [JUL-1056-PP] DEVELOPMENT OF TEA-CO2

3922-3929 [Sept 1974]. LASERS AND THEIR USE IN PLASMA PHYSICS. Rusbueldt, D.

V-V and V-T energy transfer mechanisms have been investigated in [Kernforschungsanlage Juelich G.m.b.H. [F. R. Germany]. Inst. CO2 glow discharges using a pulsed laser plasma perturbation method. fuer Plasmaphysik]. Mar 1974. 22p. [In German]. [AED

The appropriate rate equations are presented, the solutions of which CONF-73-092-012; CONF-730491-1]. INIS.

were found to adequately describe the observed induced spontaneous From spring meeting of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesell

emission and discharge current changes. From the spontaneous emission schaft: pulse physics, plasma physics and gas discharges, quantum studies, it is possible to observe directly intermolecular V -- V pumping optics; Berlin, F. R. Germany [9 Apr 1973].

between CO2[v3] and both CO and N2, while the temporal variations in 19 figs.; 20 refs, with abstract.

discharge current permitted measurements to be made of the V-T rales High power carbon dioxide lasers, known as “transversely ex- for the [1090] and [0001] levels. New data for the deactivation of the cited atmospheric pressure" [TEA] lasers, are discussed. These [10°0] level in the discharge is presented along with quenching rates of lasers produced for the first time in the middle infrared range at [01'0] by H2O and Co. In addition, both radial and longitudinal 10.6 w wave length power in the gigawatt range, and one expects to acoustic waves were found to propagate in the discharge following reach terawatt power with pulse energies of more than one kilo

amplification or absorption of the 10.6- um laser pulse. [auth] joule. special advantage of all CO2-lasers is their more than 10 percent efficiency. [RW]

26709 HEAT TRANSFER IN ONCE-THROUGH STEAM GEN

ERATORS. Campolunghi, F. [CNEN, Rome]; Cumo, M.; Urbani, 26704

[LA-5689-MS] GEOTHERMAL WELL TECHNOLOGY G.; Vaccaro, G. Termotecnica [Milan]; 28: No. 7, 385-402[Jul AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF SUBTERRENE DE VICES: 1974]. [In Italian]. A STATUS REVIEW. Altseimer, J. H. [Los Alamos Scientific

There is a lack of information on the thermohydraulic design Lab., N. Mex. [USA]], · Jul 1974. Contract W-7405-eng-36.

of subcritical, once-through tubular elements of steam generators. 34p. Dep. NTIS $4,00.

Available experimental data generally refer to short [a few meThe past, present, and some future aspects of the geothermal ters] test sections, often heated at high surface heat fluxes [hunenergy [GTE] industry have been reviewed with special attention dreds of W/cm2]. Practical situations, instead, pertain to very given to geothermal well-drilling problems. Geothermal wells

longer geometries with lower surface heat fluxes. A typical case can be produced with present equipment and methods, mostly

is that of sodium-heated steam generators in liquid metal fast derived from the oil and gas industry, but costs are relatively

breeder reactors. Otherwise, a different heat flux distribution high. Short-term improvements are needed in drilling rigs and

may induce a different burnout power, with a different boiling auxiliary surface equipment, drill bits, bit-bearing lubrication

length and, therefore different specific powers and costs of the systems, tubular goods, high-temperature muds and cements,

whole plant. The necessity for further experimental investigation, logging and downhole sampling equipment, directional control

possibly in full scale, is discussed. [auth] equipment applicable to geothermal conditions, and in the use of a data bank for GTE wells to help optimize drilling programs. Two types of wells are needed: [1] small-diameter wells for

Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow exploration, reinjection, and disposal purposes, and [2] largerdiameter wells for production. To develop and greatly expand the Refer also to abstracts 26699, 26709, 26969, 27582, 28699, 28777, use of GTE in the future, new methods and equipment are needed

and 28800. to penetrate hard abrasive rocks and to provide hole stabilization and support at the very high temperatures and other extreme con

26710 ditions which can be encountered in GTE wells. New Los Alamos

[LAE-2278]

SOLUTION OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY Scientific Laboratory concepts for penetrating rocks by use of

PROBLEM BY MONTE CARLO METHOD. Kuznetsov, V. F. rock-melting processes [called Subterrene concepts] offer poten

[Gosudarstvennyj Komitet po Ispol' zovaniyu Atomnoj Ehnergii tial solutions to some difficult GTE well-production problems.

SSSR, Moscow. Inst. Atomnoj Ehnergii]. 1973. 20p. [In

Russian]. INIS. [auth]

Primarily the work of foreign authors is reviewed on the ap26705 GAMMA RAY IRRADIATION FACILITY AT BOSE

plicability of statistical methods to the solution of thermal conINSTITUTE. Biswas, M.; Chatterjee, M. L.; Roy, S. C.; Ghose,

ductivity problems. A description is given for three schemes of A. M. [Bose Inst., Calcutta]. Sci. Cult. [Calcutta]; 40: No. 4,

effectuating a Monte Carlo method in the problem of random devid163-165[Apr 1974].

tion: a fixed random deviation, a smoothed random deviation, and An irradiation chamber is described which was developed at

a modified Monte Carlo method not using random numbers of the the Bose Institute, Calcutta. Irradiation under high dose rates EXODUS method [method of migration]. Consideration is given to is achieved by placing the sample close to the source and uni

problems of introducing limits and limiting conditions while using formity of radiation over the sample is ensured by rotating the

a probability approach. Results are presented on temperature sample about an axis tangential to the isodose surface through

calculations in a two-dimensional plane by the EXODUS method. the sample position. [LCL]

Conclusions are presented on the possibilities of success in using 26706 A NEUTRON COLLIMATOR FOR ANIMAL

the Monte Carlo method and its modifications for solving thermal IRRADIATIONS. Goldberg, E.; Barschall, H.H.; Booth, R.; Griffith, varied boundary conditions. [tr-auth]

conductivity problems in multi-dimensional regions under the most R.V. [Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California 94550]; Phillips, T.L. Med. Phys. 1: No. 3,

26711 [KFK-1958] 152-154 [1 May 1974].

IN VERTICAL COOLING CHANNELS WITH CONSTANT AND A collimator for exposures of portions of small animals to 15 - MeV

PULSED HEAT FLOW, neutrons is described. The radiation field behind the collimator was mapped with various detectors that determined dose, neutron spectra,

forschungszentrum Karlsruhe [F. R. Germany]. Inst, fuer Experi

mentelle Kernphysik]. May 1974. 24p. [In German]. Dep. and fluxes. [auth]

NTIS [US Sales Only] $4.25. 26707 EFFECTS OF X-RAY TUBE CURRENT AND

Data on heat transfer to liquid helium were measured in vertical VOLTAGE ON EFFECTIVE FOCAL-SPOT SIZE. Chaney, E.L.;

cooling channels of 10 cm length with various cross sections and surfaces. The maximum heat flux for nucleate boiling is indepen“

HEAT TRANSFER TO LIQUID HELIUM

Schmidt, C.; Turowski, P. [Kern

Page 3

[3] the research done by government and related agencies and industry which points out ways to strengthen a modern oil refinery to make it more damage and blast resistant within the realm of economic judgment; and, [4] other problems to be expected in time of war. [GRA]

rate of change of this radial field is directly proportional to the total current density. The current density is divided into two parts, The primary current is produced by the high-energy photoelectrons created by the x-ray flux of the weapon. The secondary current is due to the low-energy ionization electrons. A swarm theory treatment relating the average electron energy, number density, and drift velocity is used to deal with these low-energy secondaries. As a net result, five coupled differential equations are abtained which must be solved to find the radial electric field. [autko

26720 [AD-773320] NORSAR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 1 JULY 1972 - 30 JUNE 1973. Husebye, E.S. [Norges Teknisk Naturvitenskapelige Forskningsraad, Kjeller. NORSAR]. 1 Nov 1973. Contrac F196 3-70-C-0283. 47p. [NORSAI ESD-TR-73-356]. NTIS $3.25.

The report covers the period 1 July 1972 to 30 June 1973 which is characterized by continuous improvements in event detection and location performance during routine operation of the array. The research efforts were aimed at improving the event detectability, and the potential exploitation of wave scattering effects for improving NORSAR's event detection and classification capabilities. Work completed and in progress is presented. The first section deals with seasonal and diurnal noise level fluctuations plus changes in the character of the noise. Next, different types of array beamforming and optimum signal estimation techniques are discussed. The importance of so-called intrinsic time and amplitude anomalies or wave scattering [Chernov] effects in array data processing are also demonstrated. Finally, work on seismic verification problems is discussed briefly. [auth] 26721 [AD-773323] INTERPRETATION OF STRONGMOTION EARTHQUAKE ACCELEROGRAMS USING A MOVING DISLOCATION MODEL. Semiannual Technical Report No. 3, 1 May -30 October 1973. Turnbull, L. S. Jr.; Battis, J. C. [Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas [USA]]. 15 Nov 1973. 51p. NTIS $3,75.

Near-field strong-motion accelerograms of the San Fernando earthquake and three of its aftershocks recorded at Pacoima Dam were analyzed using Haskell's moving dislocation model. For the main shock, it was found that: [1] the effect of stickslip [segmented rupture velocities] is not prominent within a moderate range of rupture velocities; [2] a hinged fault surface can produce the necessary initial negative polarity of the vertical velocity trace; and [3] using Jungles' and Frazier's [1973] solution, the Haskell model produces very large amplitudes compared to those observed. [auth]

26725 [AD-774457] COMPARISON OF THE LOCATION REFINEMENT TECHNIQUES IN THE SDAC/LASA EVENT PROCESSOR. Ahner, R. O. [Teledyne Geotech, Alexandria, Va. [USA]]. 9 Oct 1973. 46p. [SDAC-TR-73-5]. NTIS $3.25.

The two location refinement techniques, beam-packing and cross-correlation, which are programmed into the SDACLASA automated Event Processor, are shown to produce equivalent array beam traces for LASA short period data. The crosscorrelation method requires an operational signal-to-noise threshold significantly above the SDAC/LASA detection threshold of 10 db. In addition, the method yields unreliable locations for events with low coherence, such as events with low signal-to-noise ratios, mixed events, or events at short epicentral distances from the array. On the other hand the beampacking method is independent of signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, beampacking uses 15 to 207 less computer time than crosscorrelation and obtains locations with smaller location errors when compared to Worldwide Network locations. [auth] 26726 [AD-774458] LASA REGIONAL TRAVEL-TIME CORRECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED NODES. Chiburis, E. F.; Ahner. R. O. [Teledyne Geotech, Alexandria, Va. [USA]]. 9 Oct 1973. Contract F08606-74-C-0006. 36p. [SDAC-TR-73-6]. NTIS $3.25.

A new set of region corrections has been generated for LASA which more adequately covers the seismically active area of the earth than did previous sets. The new set contains 183 calibration nodes versus 105 nodes on the set used in the SDAC/LASA system throughout 1972 and the first half of 1973. Each mode contains the average relative travel-time anomalies for each of the 21 subarrays at LASA which are valid over an area surrounding the location of the node. The corrections were generated from more than 1800 events using as a primary source of data the time shifts resulting from the crosscorrelation process in the SDAC/LASA Event Processor, [auth]

26722 [AD-773915] SIMULATION FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS [SATAN II]. General Description. Change 1. Computer System Manual, Lautzenheiser, M, W.; Bales, W. B.; Fletcher, N. W.; Bales, W. B.; Fletcher, N. H.; Eoff, E. A.; Koehler, R. B. [National Military Command System Support Center, Washington, D. C. [USA]]. 17 Jan 1974. 17p. [NMCSSC-CSM-GD-133-72-1]. NTIS $3.00.

The manual describes briefly the Simulation for the Assessment of TActical Nuclear Weapons [SATAN II]. The SATAN 2 simulation is a model for the two-sided, open play of a tactical nuclear weapons conflict on simulated battlefields. When provided by the user with the required input data, the SATAN 2 computer programs will automatically deploy forces; acquire targets; allocate nuclear weapons to fire on those targets; assess the effects of those fires; perform counter-battery operations; and, interface with A Tactical, Logistical, and Air Simulation [ATLAS]. The SATAN 2 Model is programmed in FORTRAN 4 for use on the IBM 360/50/65 computer. [auth] 26723 [AD-774027] COMPRESSIONAL WAVE POWER SPECTRUM FROM SEISMIC SOURCES. Report for 30 June 1972 - 29 June 1973. Noponen, I. [Helsinki Univ. [Finland]]. 31 Oct 1973. 81p. [A FOSR-TR-74-140]. NTIS $4.00.

The power spectra of P wave signals were studied. Data from the 22 long period [LP] and short period [SP] sensors of the NORSAR array in Norway were used. For each type of sensor, the signals from all sensors were combined in an optimum way to produce average LP and SP spectra, Bias due to noise power was removed, the instrument responses were corrected for and the LP and SP spectra merged together. About 150 events were treated, of these the LP signals were analyzed for about 20 events. The earthquake and explosion spectra agree well with the predictions of analytical source models. [auth]

26727 [AD-774620] SIMULATION FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS [SATAN II]. Programming Specification Manual. Lautzenheiser, M.; Bales, W. B.; Seefeldt, C, D.; Fletcher, N. H.; Eoff, D. A.

[National Miltary Command System Support Center, Washington, D. C.

[USA]]. 15 Sep 1973. 442p. [NMCSSC-CSM-PSM-133-73]. NTIS $9.00.

The SATAN 2 Programming Specification Manual [PSM] provides a detailed description for the SATAN 2 Model as implemented on the IBM 360/50/65 computer. SATAN 2, Simulation for the Assessment of TActical Nuclear Weapons, is a model for the 180sided, open play of tactical nuclear weapons on simulated battlefields. With user-provided descriptions of the engaging forces, target acquisition rates, and a nuclear employment doctrine, SATAN 2 will automatically: establish the battle area; deploy the forces; determine necessary reaction for actions taken; acquire targets; allocate nuclear weapons to fire on acquired targets; assess the effects of those fires; move the Forward Edge of Battle Area [FEBA]; automatically interface with ATLAS [A Tactical, Logistical, and Air Simulation]. The SATAN 2 Model is programmed in FORTRAN 4 for use on IBM 360/50/65 computers, [auth] 26728

[AD-774984] QUARTERLY TECHNICAL SUMMARY REPORT, OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1973. Hartenberger, R. A. [Teledyne Geotech, Alexandria, Va. [USA]]. 15 Jan 1974. Contract F08606-74-C-0006. 12p. NTIS $3.00.

The operations and maintenance tasks and the research work accomplished at the SDAC during the quarter ending 31 December 1973 are summarized. [auth]

26724 [AD-774152] METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE X-RAY PRODUCED ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE OBSERVED IN THE SOURCE REGION OF A HIGH-ALTITUDE BURST. Higgins, D. F.; Longmire, C. L.; O'Dell, A. A. [Mission Research Corp., Santa Barbara, Calif. [USA]]. 29 Nov 1973. Contract DASA01-71-C0105. 39p. NTIS $3.25.

A method for estimating the x-ray produced EMP fields seen by an observer inside the high-altitude source region is discussed. The electric field is assumed to be primarily radial; thus the time

[AD-775388] STUDY OF THE DATA COLLECTION, PROCESSING, AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A WORLDWIDE [Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. [USA!!.

Final Technical Report. Briscoe, H. ".

Contract F08606-73-C-0035. 68p. [BBN-26321, A recommendation of a system design for a worldwide seismic data network is presented. Particular attention has been paid to recent or imminent developments in the areas of digital communication, processing, and storage. Both sensor stations currently

expected to be operational about 1975 and possible future expansion or modification of the network are considered. The major conclusions of the system design are [1] seismic event detection should be done at the array site in the majority of cases, [2] the ARPANET is generally a suitable and cost effective communication facility for seismic data transmission, [3] a communications control center should be established at SDAC in order to coordinate and monitor the seismic data network operation centrally, [4] network event processing can evolve from the existing large array event processing system at SDAC, [5] long period event processing should be done off-line using ARPANET computing resources with special consideration given to eventual use of the ILLIAC IV array processor, and [6] the Datacomputer service can provide an appropriate data management system for the seismic data network. [auth]

in the United States average approximately 20 pCi per liter. Assuming this concentration of radon in the unvented cooking case mentioned, the lung dose is estimated to be 1.5 millirems per year. All of the dose estimates discussed are used to give perspective to the additional radiation exposure of the public which could occur due to use of gas from nuclearly stimulated wells. Both somatic risk and genetic risk are considered in the assessment of relative hazard. Comparisons are made with other risks encountered in the normal activities of life in the United States. The studies summarized show that the radiological impact of either domestic or industrial use of the gas can be small. [auth]

26734 [PB-231012] PLOWSHARE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT. Seismic Effects. Busch, R. D.; Whan, G. A. [Western Interstate Nuclear Board, Lakewood, Colo. [USA]]. Jul 1973. 46p. [NS F/RA/G-73-017]. NTIS $3,25.

Results of a study conducted to summarize and evaluate current theoretical and experimental analyses of the environmental effects of ground motion from underground nuclear explosions are presented. Effects on geological formations, buildings, and surface structures, as well as ecological impacts are discussed. [auth]

26735 [PB-231014] PLOWSHARE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT LEGAL STUDIES. Volume I. State Power Over Plowshare: Constitutional Framework, and Pre-Emptive Capability of Federal Power. Engdahl, D. E. [Western Interstate Nuclear Board, Lakewood, Colo. [USA]]. Mar 1973. Contract NSF-GT-21. 139p. [NSF/RA/G-73-019] NT IS $4.75.

An analytical overview is presented of the constitutional principles that support the power of states to control peaceful nuclear explosive activities in the United States notwithstanding the operational involvement of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in such activities. A more extended and more fully documented examination of the capability and incapability of various federal regulations and activities to pre-empt regulatory controls and policy determinations of the states is also described. The need for ascertaining the pre-emptive capability of a particular federal regulation or activity before the effect of pre-emptive federal intent can be assessed is examined. [GRA]

26730 [AD-776344] PULSER FOR EMP SIMULATION. Wright, W. H. Jr. [Army Electronics Command, Fort Monmouth, N. J. [USA]]. Feb 1974. 74p. [ECEM-4198]. NTIS $3.75.

The project was undertaken to provide a pulser capable of driving a low-impedance array of antennas with a high-peakpower and a short risetime pulse to simulate the electrical interference effects of an electromagnetic pulse [EMP]. The final pulser produced a 100 kilovolt [kV], 72 kiloamperes [KA] output pulse with a 6 nanosecond [ns] voltage risetime and 42 ns current risetime through a single output switch. Additional experiments showed how multiple output switches could reduce the current risetime to 14 ns with a 9 ns jitter. The output switch was a water- or air-filled spark gap, and operation in both modes is described. The report also includes design information on a simple and reliable 100 kV dc switch, a low-impedance high power dummy load, and voltage and current measuring devices for viewing fast transients. [auth] 26731 [AD-775361] EXPLOSIVE SELECTION AND FALLOUT SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS NUCLEAR CRATERING DEVICE SIMULATION [Project Diamond Ore]. Final Report. O'Connor, J. M.; Donlan, J. J.; Burton, D. E. [Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss. [l'SA]. Oct 1973. 145p. [AEWES-TR-E-73-6]. NTIS $4.75.

The effects of different types of stemming, depths of burial, and geologic conditions on the crater size and collateral effects produced by the subsurface detonation of a nuclear cratering device were studied by using a combination of hydrodynamic code calculations and large-scale chemical explosive charges to model the nuclear explosive energy source. The research program also includes development of a nuclear fallout simulant. A detailed summary of the explosive selection and testing process and the development and testing of the fallout simulants are presented. [auth] 26732

[AWRE-0-28/74] COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR EPICENTRE DETERMINATION. Douglas, A.; Lilwall, R. C.; Young, J. B. [UKAEA Weapons Group, Aldermaston. Atomic Weapons Research Establishment]. Jun 1974. 108p. Dep. NTIS [U. S. Sales Only] $8.50.

Four programs for determining the epicenter [and origin time and depth where possible] of a seismic event are described: SPEEDY uses Geiger's classical method of estimating the epicenter, origin time and depth of focus of an event; SPUR is similar to SPEEDY but is more compact and hence suitable for a small machine; JED is an extension of the classical method to estimate the epicenters, origin times and depths of a large number of events and station [time] terms simultaneously; and EFA estimates epicenters, given the azimuth of an event from each of a number of stations. [auth] 26733

[CONF-730907-P2, pp 1060-1065] EVALUATION OF NUCLEAR GAS STIMULATION IN TERMS OF POTENTIAL RADIATION EXPOSURE TO THE PUBLIC. Rohwer, P. S.; Barton, C. J.; Moore, R. E.; Kaye, S. V.

[Oak Ridge National Lab., TN]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Experience gained from Projects Gasbuggy and Rulison and their follow-up studies indicates that natural gas produced from a nuclearly stimulated well field will contain small amounts of manmade radioactivity as it leaves the gas processing plant and enters commercial distribution channels. Individual and population doses have been estimated for hypothetical uses of such gas. For example, it is estimated that residential use of nuclearly stimulated gas in unvented cook stoves would result in an average total-body dose to the house occupants of approximately 0.2 millirem/year. Radon concentrations measured in natural gas at various locations

26736 [PB-231015] PLOWSHARE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT LEGAL STUDIES. Volume II. State and Federal Power Over Federal Property. Engdahl, D. E. [Western Interstate Nuclear Board, Lakewood, Colo. [USA]]. Mar 1973. Contract NSF-GT-21. 233p. [NSF /RA/G-73-019A]. NTIS $6.00.

The report gives a detailed historical and analytical examination of the evolution and present status of constitutional principles governing the power of states and of the United States over federally-owned property, tracing the sources of the intellectual confusion that has made this a complicated and widely misunderstood branch of constitutional law. The origin and development of doctrine under both Article I, Section 8, Clause 17, and Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 are examined. In the light of contemporaneously evolving principles on other aspects of constitutional law, in order to expose the premises and points of probable future modification of modern property clause doctrine. The currently prevailing notions as well as the likely future developments with respect to state and federal power over federal property are analyzed and discussed. [GRA]

26737 [PB-231016] PLOWSHARE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT LEGAL STUDIES. Volume III. Deficiencies of PriceAnderson Protection for Plowshare, and Other Legal Papers. Engdahl, D. E.; Olpin, O.; Firmage, E. B. [Western Interstate Nuclear Board, Lakewood, Colo. [USA]]. Mar 1973. Contract NSG-GT-21. 69p. [NSF/RA/G-73-019B]. NT IS $3.75.

The report contains four papers discussing the applicability of the Price - Anderson Amendment of the Atomic Energy Act to damages from peaceful applications of nuclear explosives; a possible different system for citizen redress for damages caused by such applications of nuclear explosives; and the international law ramifications of utilization of peaceful nuclear explosives technology in the United States. [GRA]

26738 [PB-231017] PLOWSHARE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT. Public Participation [with Reference to Nuclear Stimulation of Natural Gas]. Gahin, F. S. [Western Interstate Nuclear Board, Lakewood, Colo. [USA]]. Jan 1973. 124p. [NSF/RA/G73-020]. NT IS $9.25.

Several aspects of nuclear stimulation of natural gas including risk analysis of ground motions and radiation risk, impact of local communities, legal and statutory problems, insurance and government indemnity, dissemination of public information and public participation methods in the decision-making process are pre

sented. A published article on legal liability and insurance in nuclear stimulation of natural gas is also included. [GRA]

26739 [PB-231037] PLOWSHARE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT. Nominal Seismic Effects. Bellamy, J. C.; Brewer, R. E. [Western Interstate Nuclear Board, Lakewood, Colo. [USA]]. Aug 1972. Contract NSF-GT-21. 18p. [NSF/RA/G73-016]. NTIS $4.00.

Perspectives concerning the possible seismic effects of deep underground nuclear explosions are provided by relating them to the energies, intensities and magnitudes of natural earthquakes and to the provisions of the uniform building code. Toward this end the typically representative relationship between seismic intensities and explosive energies is derived. It clearly shows that the seismic energy of such explosions is several orders of magnitude less than that of destructive earthquakes, and that only minor structural damage is to be expected from deep potentially-useful explosions with yields up to about that of 100 kt of TNT. [auth] 26740 [PB-231038] PLOWSHARE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT. Material Resources Analysis. Bell, P. A.; Whan, G. A. [Western Interstate Nuclear Board, Lakewood, Colo. [USA]]. Jan 1973. Contract NSF-GT-21. 34p. NTIS $4.75.

The supply of special nuclear material for nuclear explosives might prove to be a limiting factor in the commercial implementation of nuclear stimulation of natural gas. An analysis of energy and material resources for nuclear gas stimulation and some of the factors which might influence the successful application of this technology are presented. [GRA]

in their code calculations [UCRL-50373] of the growth of the Pile Driver cavity ascribed too early an arrival at the cavity roof for the tension wave reflected from the free surface. However, earlier arrivals, possibly comparable to that ascribed in their calculation, may have resulted from reflections at the base of a layer of weathered material. Lacking information on the physical properties of this layer, its role in accelerating the growth of the cavity cannot be determined. Thus, it is not clear, without additional data and new calculations, whether the unusually large cavity formed in Pile Driver can still be attributed to significant acceleration of cavity growth by the tension wave reflected from the free surface, Since Rapp has used the Pile Driver calculation as a basis for advocating shallower depths of burst in testing nuclear devices, it is recommended that Pile Driver be recalculated, incorporating not only data available from stress wave measurements surrounding the shot but also data which may be acquired from exploratory drilling into the weathered layer and into the cavity. A new hole is now being drilled for this purpose, and data from the measurements made in it will be reported. [auth]

26745 [UCID-15464] ELIMINATION OF 500 MHz FEEDTH ROUGH. Somer, G. L. [California Univ., Livermore [USA], Lawrence Livermore Lab.]. 19 Mar 1969. 9p. Dep. NTIS $4.00.

Separating noise from data is one of the biggest problems that reaction history engineers have to deal with each time they set up a new diagnostic system. A unique method is described which, if used properly, will eliminate 500 MHz feed-through from any 3344 scope and thus significantly improve the quality of the data. The term “500 MHz feed-through” refers to the 500 MHz noise which appears on the signal cables in an alpha diagnostics station whenever a 500 MHz Rossi system is employed. Presently, the feed-th rough is filtered out of the data numerically. However satisfactory this method may be, it would be more advantageous if the problem could be eliminated at the sources. [auth]

26741 [PB-231039] PLOWSHARE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT. Energy Development Trends. Bellamy, J. C.; Penz, M. C. [Western Interstate Nuclear Board, Lakewood, Colo. [USA]]. Jan 1973. Contract NSF-GT-21. 29p. [NSF/RA/G73-013]. NTIS $4.50.

An analysis of probable future needs for energy in relation to potential sources of energy and environmental concerns is used to postulate how those needs might best be served. It is thereby postulated that nuclear heating plants can be developed to serve most of our needs for heat and electrical energy in stationary locations, and that fossil fuels can be conserved largely for propelling vehicles. It is also seen that nuclear explosives are likely to be needed to extend the use of natural gas for stationary heating needs during the transitional period. [auth]

26746 [UCID-15783] ONE-DIMENSIONAL [SOC] CALCULATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF FOUR NUCLEAR EVENTS IN ALLUVIUM. Hearst, J. R. [California Univ., Livermore [CSA]. Lawrence Livermore Lab.], 15 Jan 1971. Contract W-7405-eng48. 52p. Dep. NTIS $5.75.

An empirical equation of state for Yucca Flat alluvium has been developed. This equation was used in the one-dimensional SOC code to calculate effects of four underground nuclear explosionsHupmobile, Packard, Vulcan, and Merlin-- and good agreement was obtained with measured peak particle velocity vs radius, expected crushed radius vs time, and measured cavity radius. Agreement with particle velocity pulse shape was not very good, and agreement with measured reduced displacement potential was unclear. [auth]

26742 [PB-231040] PLOWSHARE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT. Seismic Damage Compensation. Maxwell, L. C.; Jenabzadeh, H. [Western Interstate Nuclear Board, Lakewood, Colo. [USA]]. Jun 1972. Contract NSF-GT-21. 16p. [NSF/ RA/G-73-021] NTIS $4.00.

The community in an area surrounding nuclear explosions suffers certain risks and costs from the ground motion resulting from nuclear blasts, such as evacuation and inconvenience to residents, interruptions of public activities, and damage to public property. A method whereby the community can be compensated for these costs by a permit fee which is negotiated between the business enterprise using the nuclear explosives and the local governments involved is presented. Compensation from the negotiated permit fee for certain costs incurred would increase the revenue which is available to the local governmental units in the community. The use of a negotiated permit fee would also allow the residents surrounding the nuclear explosion to become active participants in the decision-making process. [GRA]

26747 [UCID-15791]

PERMEABILITY OF NTS ALLUVIUM: NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AIR-INJECTION EXPERIMENTS. Rozsa, R. [California Univ., Livermore [USA]. Lawrence Livermore Lab.]. 1 Feb 1971. 187. Dep. NTIS $4.00.

The gas flow properties of the medium surrounding an underground emplaced nuclear device are important in evaluating potential containment problems. The presence of faults or large cracks is significant in that if early gas flow is turbulent enough, erosion will result and the flow path will widen. This, together with the high driving pressure available before chimney collapse, can result in large quantities of gas being vented. Even when early-time dynamic venting is not a problem, late-time seepage can result if the permeability is high enough and the source pressure remains above ambient pressure for a long period. To study the flow of through NTS alluvium, air-injection experiments were conducted in September 1969. A 454-ft-deep hole, U-10am-5, was used. This report describes attempts to fit the experimental data with numerical calculations using a one-dimensional radial flow model. Results are presented which agree with the experimental data, but no unique values of permeability and porosity are evident. Bem cause of the form and small amount of experimental data available, no conclusion can be made on the validity of the one-dimensional flow model. The numerical calculations show that most of the field experiments are transient over long periods of operation time, and recommendations are made that future field measurements reflect this. [TFD]

26743 [UCID-4958] LEACHING OF COPPER ORES AND THE USE OF BACTERIA. Rabb, D. D. [California Univ., Livermore [USA]. Lawrence Livermore Lab.]. 22 Jan 1965. 34p. Dep. NTIS $4.75.

After a brief description of the use of nuclear explosives to shatter or break ore bodies [Hardhat Event], the in-situ leaching of copper ore deposits is discussed. Recent laboratory tests are discussed that indicate special cultured autotrophic bacteria can speed the oxidation and boost the extraction of copper from recalcitrant sulfides to many times that achieved in sterile control samples or in current commercial practice. Preliminary observations were made on the effects of radiation on bacteria in an acid mine water. [TFD]

26744 [UCID-15460] SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE ASYMMETRICAL GROWTH IN THE VERTICAL DIRECTION OF THE PILE DRIVER CAVITY. Preston, R. G. [California Univ., Livermore [USA]. Lawrence Livermore Lab.]. Mar 1969. 11p. Dep. NT IS $4.00.

Experimental measurements of the stress wave vertically above Pile Driver and Hard Hat indicate that Cherry and Rapp

[UCID-15905] OPERATION CANNKIN: ESTIMATED fornia Univ., Livermore [USA]. Lawrence Livermore Lab.]. SURFACE GROUND MOTION EFFECTS. Jackson, E. C. [CallAug 1971. 13p. Dep. NTIS $4.00.

Estimated peak surface ground motion data on Amchitka Island during the Cannik in event are summarized. These estimates are for structural design purposes and are therefore slightly conservative. Milrow results and observations are listed and discussed

in comparison with Cannikin estimates. Effects of estimated ground motion on various facilities at Amchitka are being reviewed. [TFD]

rupture. Each of these is analyzed and the conditions leading to their occurrence are indicated. [JSR]

26749 [UCID-16002] MULTIPROJECT SCHEDULING FOR THE WORLD'S LARGEST JOB SHOP. Steres, G. A. [Cali- fornia Univ., Livermore [USA]. Lawrence Livermore Lab.]. 14 Mar 1972. Contract W-7405-eng-48. 24p. Dep. NTIS $4.25.

The allocation of scarce resources is a problem for all organizations. A nuclear research laboratory such as the University of California's Lawrence Livermore Laboratory [LLL] is

no exception. One of the areas in which the Laboratory directly *** confronts the problem of resource allocation is in the scheduling Lai of underground nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site [NTS]. The 1.22 1500 square mile Test Site is perhaps the world's largest job 24 shop. As with any job shop, NTS has a fixed [at least in the short

run] set of resources with which it produces the end product. The P2product, in this case, is an underground nuclear test, known at

LLL as an "event'. Like other job shops there are no long pro- duction runs: the quantity per order is one. While other job shops

may speak of "operations" such as milling, events consist of

"activities" such as site preparation. A method of determining the optimal schedule for this largest of job shops is described. [auth]

26752 ADSORBENT FOR RADIOIODINE AND METHYL IODIDE CAPTURE IN FILTER UNITS AND FOR RADIOIODINE DETECTION IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. Hladky, E.; Pietrik, I.

Czech Patent 147,362. 21 Jan 1972. 2p. [In Czech].

A technique is proposed for preparing an adsorbent by impregnation of alumina with silver nitrate. Testing of the resulting adsorption properties is described. The mean adsorption efficiency was found to be greater than 99.9% for radioiodine, and 99.8% for methyl iodide. The permeability of the adsorbent was studied for krypton and xenon. The adsorption efficiency was investigated in the temperature range of 25 to 200°C and found to be constant over this range. [INIS]

Refer also to abstracts 27100 and 27114.

Refer also to abstract 28111.

26750 [UCID-16008] NU CLEAR SOLUTION MINING. Part VIII. Oxygen Distribution. Braun, R. L.; Lewis, A. E. [California Univ., Livermore [CSA]. Lawrence Livermore Lab.]. Mar 1972. 32p. Dep. NTIS $4.75.

In solution mining of copper ores that have been fractured by nuclear explosions it is important that a relatively high dissolved oxygen content be achieved in as much of the chimney solution as possible. This study indicates that adequate dissolution of oxygen and circulation of the oxygenated solution can be obtained even if only one perforated oxygen line across the bottom of the chimney is used. This is accomplished, however, at the expense of venting a considerable fraction of the input oxygen as undissolved gas passing out of the chimney. The use of more input gas lines not only decreases this vent fraction, but gives added assurance that, if solution circulation problems arise, a large fraction of the chimney solution will still be adequately oxygenated. Therefore, it is recommended that three input gas lines be used, giving the following results [conservatively based on a high oxygen consumption of 5 x 103 g's and a large oxygen bubble radius of 1 cm]: [1] degree of oxygen saturation = 0.61; [2] fraction of chimney solution in non-bubble region = 0.65; [3] ratio of oxygen circulation rate to oxygen dissolution rate = 0.64; and [4] fraction of input oxygen which passes through chimney without dissolving = 0.50. These estimates are conservative, since at oxygen consumption rates lower than 5 * 103 g/s the desired circulation and dissolution rates can be achieved with even lower vent fractions or, alternatively, fewer than three input lines could be used. Oxygen consumption rates greater than 5 x 109 g/s in a single chimney are not anticipated. In addition, the above estimates are conservative, since for a smaller and possibly more realistic initial gas bubble radius of 0.5 cm, a higher degree of saturation [0.84] and a lower vent fraction [0.20] are obtained in achieving the desired circulation/dissolution ratio of 0.65 for three input lines. [TFD]

26753 HIGH VACUUM INSTALLATION WITH OILLESS PUMPING SYSTEM. Yanov, A. E.; Papakin, V. F.; Pagrov, N. N.; Shtitel'man, O. B.; Grinenko, N. S. Kriog. Vak. Tekh.; No. 2, 30-32[1972]. [In Russian].

The construction of a high vacuum installation with oilless pumping system is described and its test results are reported. The installation was provided with a system for the throughput of liquid helium through the coils of diffusion and cryosorption pumps. The ultimate vacuum in the chamber is attained by the subsequent operation of membrane, forevacuum sorption, and high-vacuum sorption pumps cooled by liquid nitrogen and by diffusion and cryosorption pumps cooled by gas-liquid mixtures of helium. The analysis of the residual gas was done by a radiofrequency single mass spectrometer ROMS-I. During different operating regimes of the installation oil traces were not detected. The heaviest mass registered in the chamber during pumping was 44 [CO2]. Only He peaks were registered at the ultimate vacuum of the chamber of 1 to 2 x 10-9 torr. [tr-auth] 26754 ULTRAHIGH VACUUM INSTALLATION CVVK-100 WITH EFFECTIVE VOLUME OF 100 L WITH CRYOGENIC PUMPING SYSTEM. Yanov, A. E.; Korotov, Yu. P.; Bagrov, N. N.; Grinenko, N. S. Kriog. Vak. Tekh.; No. 2, 27-29[1972]. [In Russian],

An ultrahigh vacuum installation was constructed in which pressures below 1 x 10-12 torr were obtained by cryogenic pumps. A pressure of 1 x 10-11 torr was obtained by cooling the surface of the working chamber to 80°K. The construction of the installation made it possible to work with significant thermal loads on objects and, by removal of the internal radiation screen, to increase significantly the pumping rate of the cryogenic pumps for objects with low heat release. A temperature control device was developed which makes it possible to expand the range of materials and articles studied. It eliminates the heating of objects during testing in the heated chamber and maintains the chamber temperature with sufficient precision within the given limits. [tr-auth]

Protective Structures and Equipment 26751

[CEA-CONF-2596] MODERN METHODS OF EVALUATING THE SAFETY OF PRESSURIZED APPARATUS. Roche, R. [Grenoble-1 Univ., 38 [France]]. [nd]. 49p. [In French]. [CONF-740128-1]. Dep. NTIS [U. S. Sales Only] $5.50.

From conference on the actualization of the concept of safety in mechanical constructions; Paris, France [6 Jan 1974].

A review is given of the concepts governing the evaluation of the safety of pressurized apparatus. Damage statistics and risks are defined. The evolution of dimensioning methods is outlined. The types of destruction are then described. These include excessive deformation, plastic instability, elastic or elasto-plastic instability, progressive deformation, fatigue fissures, and abrupt

26755 ULTRAHIGH VACUUM OILLESS PUMPING ASSEMBLY. Godovannyi, V. A.; Bagrov, N. N.; Yanov, A. E.; Maslii, L. G.; Terpigor'ev, E. N.; Kostin, Yu, K. Kriog. Vak. Tekh., No. 2, 33-38[1972]. [In Russian].

An ultrahigh vacuum oilless pumping installation was designed for the development of methods of obtaining a sterile vacuum. It consists of diaphragm pumps, adsorption pumps cooled by liquid nitrogen, and an ultrahigh vacuum assembly containing two condensation-adsorption pumps cooled by liquid helium. Experiments with the assembly showed that it is possible to obtain pressures lower than 10-10 torr. The spectra of the residual gases at different stages of evacuation were reported. [tr-auth]

ENVIRONMENTAL AND EARTH SCIENCES

26756 USE OF PRIMARY ENERGIES SO AS TO PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENT-A TASK FOR THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY. Trenkler, H. [Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitaetswerke e.V. [VDEW], Frankfurt am Main [F. R. Germany]. Fachausschuss Kraft- und Waermewirtschaft]. Elektrizitaetswirtschaft; 73: No. 11, 287-293[May 1974]. [In German].

From European conference on electrotechniques; Amsterdam, Netherlands [22 Apr 1974], 16 figs.; 2 tabs.; 18 refs.

The order of magnitude of the contribution of the electricity supply industry to air pollution and developments to be expected are considered. It is demonstrated that the promotion of electricity consumption gives at the same time a considerable contribution to reducing atmospheric pollution, even without expensive additional measures at power stations. This fact, together with the use of pollutant emission as a measure of environmental pollution, appears from the point of view of the present aim of establishing the causal principle, and from that of the effect on regulations, of importance for the draft of a new TA-Luft [Technical instructions - Air]. [auth]

morphites. Orthoeclogites and orthoamphibolites contain to 1/3 as much U as paraeclogites and paraamphibolites of the same age. The dispersion of the inclusions in orthoclase is much less than in the para rocks. The U contents in the Kokchetav eclogites [0.19-0.79 g/t] is an order of magnitude higher than in the mantle material [0.005-0.098 g/t, average 0.06 g/t]. The combined on geological, petrographic, and geochemical data on the eclogites show their undoubted mantle nature. The rocks considered are products of regional metamorphosis of magmatic rocks of basic composition and clay-carbonate precipitates, [tr-auth] 26761 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AERIAL RADIOACTIVITY SURVEYING FOR SURFACE MINERAL DEPOSITS WHICH COMPENSATES FOR THE RADIOACTIVE DECAY PRODUCTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE EARTH. Johnson, C.H. Jr.; Foote, R. S. [to Texas Instruments Inc.]. US Patent 3,825,751. 23 Jul 1974. Filed Date 3 Oct 1969. 14p.

An airborne gamma ray detection system is flown over the surface of the earth at a predetermined height. The energy spectrum of gamma radiation from the surface of the earth is detected and recorded at locations spaced along the travel path of the system. The gamma radiation emanating from uranium decay products borne by the atmosphere of the earth is also sensed and recorded with sufficient regularity to detect naturally occurring variations therein. The gamma radiation data detected from the surface of the earth is then corrected in order to reduce the inaccuracies created by the gamma radiation sources present in the atmosphere. [Official Gazette]

Refer also to abstracts 26451, 26 783, 26794, 26 795, 26819-26821,

27094, 27102, 27237, and 28844.

Radioactive Effluents
Refer also to abstracts 26328, 26514, 26515, 26523, 26757, 26758,

26778, 26779, 26785, 26819, 26821, 26836, 27082, 27104--27106, 28741, and 28771.

26757 [AAEC/E-305[Report 2], pp 1-15] TOXICITY STUDIES ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND GRASS-SEDGE COMMUNITIES IN THE MAGELA CREEK AREA. Giles, M. S. Jun 1974.

This study was designed to establish the relative and, whenever possible, the absolute toxicities of those substances likely to be released during the mining and processing of uranium in the East Alligator River areas. The aim was to examine a range of organisms from the area, particularly fishes, and to assess their relative sensitivities to possible pollutants. [AT] 26758

[CONF-730907-P2, pp 93 9-944] RADON EMANATION STUDIES IN JADUGUDA URANIUM MINE. Khan, A. H.; Raghavayya, M. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Radon gas emanating from the rock surfaces is the major source of radon in uranium mines and ventilation is the only effective means of keeping the radon levels within the acceptable limits. Quantitative estimation of the radon emanation rates is therefore essential for calculating the fresh air requirements of a working face, Measurements of radon emanation rates were carried out in laboratory and in the underground mine. In laboratory, the uranium ore sample is enclosed in a large air-tight glass container. Radon from the sample diffuses and accumulates in the air volume of the container. Samples are periodically drawn from the container and radon activities are determined. The radon emanation rate is then computed from the activities obtained at different sampling intervals. Results obtained are presented and compared with the emanation rates published elsewhere in literature. [auth] 26759 STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE TRACE ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE MAG MATIC MEMBERS OF SINGHBHUM GRANITE. Saha, A. K. [Presidency Coll., Calcutta]; Lakshmipathy, S.; Sankaran, A. V.; Bhattacharyya, T. K. Proc. Indian Nat. Sci. Acad., Part A; 39: No. 3, 171-184 [May 1973].

Quantitative data for 12 trace elements [Li, Ba, Ga, U, Zr, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Sr, Mn, and Ti] in 32 granitic rocks belonging to the three magnetic phases of Singhbhum granite were studied by applying cluster analysis and R-mode factor analysis techniques. Cluster groupings obtained by [a] Ramifying Linkage Method, [b] Correlation Profile Method [both on the basis of correlation matrices], and [c] by R-mode factor analysis, are not similar in all respects. But all of them support a model of substantially different trace element distribution processes for the three different phases of granites. [MCG] 26760 DISTRIBUTION OF U IN ECLOGITES OF THE KOKCHETAV UPLIFTS AND SOME PECULA RITIES OF THEIR ORIGIN. Fel’dman, V. I.; Stupnikova, N. I.; Kovalenko, V. I. [Moscow State Univ.]. Geokhimiya; No. 6, 947-952 [Jun 1974]. [In Russian].

The distribution of U in eclogites and amphibolites of the Kokchetav Massif depends on the composition of the initial dep and not on the degree of metamorphosis or the increase in meta

26762 [BNL-18773] RADIOACTIVE EFFLUENT RELEASES AND THE PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE OF NUCLEAR FACILITY SITES. Hull, A. P. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N. Y. [USA]]. 1974. 1lp. [CONF-740907 - 2]. Dep. NTIS $4.00.

From symposium on the siting of nuclear facilities; Bordeaux, France [2 Sep 1974].

Arguments within the U. S. scientific community related to the public health hazards of radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants are reviewed. [LCL] 26763 [BNWL-B-333] RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF A NUCLEAR CENTER ON THE ENVIRONMENT. Soldat, J. K. [Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Wash. [USA]]. Jan 1974. Contract AT[45-1]-1830. 19p. Dep. NTIS $ 4.00.

The potential radiological impact of a conceptual Nuclear Energy Center [NEC] on the environment is discussed. Principal attention is directed to the estimated radiation doses received by man. Experience at operating nuclear facilities has shown that, barring unusual circumstances, regulation of radiation . doses received by man to levels consistent with currently accepted guidelines will ensure that the doses to other biota are inconsequential. The discussion addresses, in a generic sense, the routine release rates of radionuclides from fuel fabrication plants, nuclear reactors, reprocessing plants and interim waste storage facilities associated with such a NEC. The radiation doses resulting from such releases are summarized briefly, but details of the dose calculations are not presented. Further analysis of the potential radiological impact will have to be undertaken once a specific site is chosen. Depending upon the actual site characteristics, the radiological impact could be different than derived here for the generic site, but in all probability the net impact would not be significantly greater because of the conservative assumptions employed. [auth]

[CONF-730907-P1, pp 260-265] RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDES UNDER DIFFERENT HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. Chelysheva, R. A.; Smirennaya, V. A.; Kruglov, V. P.

Belitskii, A, S.; Orlova, E. I; Zhakov, Yu, A.; Biophysics, Moscow]. Feb 1974.

[In Russian]. From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation USA [9 Sep 1973]. Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia,

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Various methods for storage of radioactive liquid wastes from atomic power stations are discussed. The conditions for under

Page 4

ground transport of radioactive contamination as a result of un- sealing of radioactive waste reservoirs are considered. An assessment of radionuclide migration in soils as a factor of dif- ferent hydrological conditions is included. [auth] 26765 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 291-295] MEASUREMENTS OF THE DISPERSION OF GASEOUS RADIOACTIVE EFFLUENTS FROM AN OPERATING BOILING WATER REACTOR. Carey,

W. M.; Battist, L.; Keene, W. E. [American Environmental Con-

trol Systems, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation a high Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, 7 USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Measurements of off-site concentrations of the radioactive gaseous effluents from a BWR were correlated with measured meteo

rological parameters to define plume behaviour at a coastal site. * Average ground concentrations were found to be in the 10 9uCi/cc

range, while peak values were observed as high as 10-74 Ci/cc.

The data indicates that sea breeze fumigation and noctural fanning de pe conditions significantly affect dispersion characteristics. [auth]

26766 [CONF-730907-P1, 296-300] ATOMIC ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS AS SOURCES OF CARBON-14 DISCHARGE. Rublevskii, V. P.; Zykova, A. S.; Turkin, A. D. [Inst. of Biophysics, Moscow]. Feb 1974. [In Russian].

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA 19 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Carbon-14 is produced in nuclear reactors by neutron reactions in l^N"o, and 13C. The expanding use of nuclear reactors for power production will contribute additional amounts of 14C to the existing background levels due to atmospheric testing of nuclear devices and natural production by neutrons in upper atmosphere. The problem of environmental 14C contamination from increasing utilization of nuclear reactors for power production is discussed. The experimental data on production of 4C at different types of nuclear power stations in the USSR are presented. It is concluded that future production of 14C from nuclear power stations will be approximately 12,000 Ci/day by the year 2010. The 'C concentration in the terrestrial biosphere will reach 1050 per cent of its natural level by this year. These estimates are compared with existing equilibrium levels of naturally occurring '4C and with the decreasing inventory of 14C from atmospheric nuclear tests. [auth]

gest limiting rates for continuous disposal of various classes of radionuclides. [auth] 26769 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 319-325] IMPACT OF TEN YEARS LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EN- VIRONMENTAL SAFETY AT BRADWELL POWER STATION, U.K. Wasson, M. M. [Central Electricity Generating Board, Essex, Eng.]; Mitchell, N. T. Feb 1974,

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association,

In the light of present concern over the environmental consequences of radioactive waste disposal from nuclear power plants, the experience gained in the control of discharge of low-level liquid effluents during the first ten years of operation of one of the first CEGB nuclear power stations, at Bradwell in south-east England is reviewed. Public radiation exposure from liquid waste disposal was kept to a very low level, never being more than a small fraction of one percent of the I.C.R.P. recommended dose limit. That this has been attained is largely due to the actions taken by the Power Station to counteract the changes in effluent composition so as to minimize the significance of discharges and their consequences. [auth] 26770 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 326-331] ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION FROM ADVANCED GAS-COOLED REACTORS IN NORMAL OPERATION. Passant, F. H. [Central Electricity Generating Board, Cheltenham, Eng.]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The normal operation of an AGR power station may lead to the release to atmosphere of several radioactive nuclides, each of which may contribute some small radiological dose to members of the public in the immediate vicinity of the power station. The significance of the release is examined in the context of present and possible future radiological criteria. The nuclides of significance are predicted to be 'H, 1€N, 355, 41 Ar, 88Kr, and 1311 and estimates of the likely releases of each are given for a typical 1250 MW[e] AGR power station [Hinkley Point “B'']. The sources of each nuclide are explained and a brief description of the relevant design features of the AGR is given. It is shown that the releases are almost entirely due to leakage of Co, from the primary coolant. Maximum permissible release rates for each of the nuclides are derived for the power station, which is sited in a farming area, based on the ICRP recommended annual doses to members of the public taking into account the critical route for each nuclide [e.g., inhalation, milk, etc.] and the critical group [e.g., 6 months old child]. The predicted releases are compared with the ICRPderived permissible releases, and with permissible releases based on the current CEGB radiological design criteria and possible future criteria in the U.K, or elsewhere [e.g., the proposed U.S. criteria]. [auth] 26771 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 332-337] RESEARCH TO KEEP NUCLEAR POWER SAFE: THE EXPERIENCE OF A MAJOR INDUSTRY. Wheatley, B. M. [Central Electricity Generating Board, Berkeley, Eng.]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The nationalized electricity industry of England and Wales is a single utility with a present installed capacity of 54 GW of which 3 GW is from nuclear power stations. The Central Electricity Generating Board [CEGB] is responsible to the national Parliament for operating its system safely and economically. It necessarily maintains a large research department to assist in obtaining or interpreting the data needed for planning, specifying, and operating its plant. Much of the research work is directed to environmental studies, particularly in atmospheric dispersion and hydroecology. In the nuclear field much of the work is concerned with the safety of structures and materials, and so affects radiological safety indirectly. Some of the work directly concerned with radiological safety is described. It is concluded that CEGB experience has shown it to be essential for a major utility company to maintain a vigorous health physics research program. [auth] 26772 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 344-349] LONG RANGE TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION: AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM FROM THE HEALTH PROTECTION POINT OF VIEW, Cagnetti, P. [CNEN, Rome]; Pagliari, M. Feb 1974.

26767

[CONF-730907-P1, pp 301-307] SA FE DISPOSAL OF LIQUID RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME: A CURRENT VIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION. Mitchell, N. T. [Fisheries Radiobiological Lab., Lowestoft, Eng.].

Feb 1974. From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Operational experience of the nuclear power program in the United Kingdom has shown that the principal environmental consequences arise from the disposal of liquid radioactive waste, and relate to public health rather than to direct effects on resources. The emphasis on environmental protection programs has thus been on the limitation of public radiation exposure. Provided that this is held within the acceptable limits as defined by ICRP, resource considerations will be adequately protected. [auth] [CONF-730907-P1, pp 313-318]

MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE DEEP OCEAN DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE. Webb, G. A, M.; Morley, F. [National Radiological Protection Board, Harwell, Eng.].

Feb 1974. From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia,

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

A mathematical model is developed to predict the eventual surface water concentrations of radioactivity as a result of continual deep ocean disposal of radioactive wastes over hundreds or thousands of years. The behavior of each nuclide is a function of the interaction between its half-life and the diffusion parameters. Uncertainties in the vertical diffusion coefficient are shown to have little effect on the final concentration values for nuclides with long half-lives. The processes of release, diffusion, circulation, uptake by fish and eventual transfer to man are used to calculate doses to man. These are then compared with ICRP limits to sug

From 3rd international congres of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association,

The problem of transport and diffusion of gaseous radioactive effluents following releases in the atmosphere after travel distances from some tens up to some hundreds of kilometers is analyzed, with the aim of deriving an expression for the clouddosage at ground level. Taking into account the experimental data available at present, a function is calculated which relates the coefficient of diffusion to the time of travel. With very conservative assumptions from the health protection point of view, the radially symmetrical equation of diffusion has been solved for an instantaneous release, and the integrated concentration along the travel direction calculated. The results show that, only after a travel of 100 km the values of cloud-dosage are about ten times lower than that obtained by extrapolation of Pasquill estimates, during category F of stability. [auth]

26773 [CONF-730907-Pi,

pp 350-355]

ESTIMATION OF GASEOUS RADIOACTIVITY RELEASE RATES FROM AN OPERATING BOILING WATER REACTOR. Keene, W. E.; Carey, W. M.; Battist, L. [American Environmental Control Systems, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the international Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Noble gas activity [krypton and xenon isotopes] in BWR stack effluent is commonly estimated by applying a graphic curve-fitting technique to activity measurements on grab samples taken periodi – cally at the steam jet air ejector. It is shown that the graphic solution may conceal significant anomalies in these data, which may be more readily discerned by changing the form of the plot. A better fit to the data is obtained by the method of least squares. [auth]

Potential radiation exposures from abandoned uranium mill tailings piles may be predicted in a general manner using minimal input data. If the average radium concentration in the tailings CRa is known, the external gamma exposure rate over the tailings can be estimated from: X[ur/n] 2.5 CRa [pCi/g]. The radon emanation rate can also be estimated as: 0 [pCi Rn/m? – S] 1.6 CRa [pCi/g]. The reductions of exposure rates that can be achieved by covering the tailings with earth or concrete also are discussed. Radon progeny inhalation exposures depend upon the dispersion rate of radon in the atmosphere and the time available for progeny ingrowth. Meteorological data for the site are required for making reliable predictions of inhalation exposures. It is shown, however, that contributions to the average annual outdoor radon progeny concentrations exceeding 0.003 WL are very unlikely on or near any tailings pile. The methods used to analyze potential radiation exposures are illustrated by a case study on one abandoned tailings pile. [auth] 26777 STUDY OF THE GASEOUS EFFLUENTS FROM AN OPERATING BOILING WATER REACTOR. Carey, W. M. Washington, DC; Catholic Univ. of America [1974]. 149p. University Microfilms Order No. 74-14,943.

Thesis [Ph. D.].

A study has been performed to measure the gaseous radioactive effluent concentrations at distances up to 8210 meters [5 miles] from an operating nuclear boiling water reactor. Measurements of gaseous effluent concentrations as low as 10-9C1/cm and as high as 10-6 uči/cms were obtained. Measurements were made with a monitoring system which measures gaseous radioactivity levels as low as 10-9 uÇi/cm at distances of 2570m, 5080m and 8210m from the reactor stack. Airborne gaseous radioactivity concentrations were measured continuously for three weeks at each location under various meteorological conditions. Peak concentrations above the threshold were observed with a frequency distribution which is Gaussian with respect to the wind direction at the reactor stack. To determine the plume constituents, spectroscopic and meteorological data was obtained at the point of discharge. From the measured gaseous radioactivity concentrations, meteorological data, and stack spectroscopic data, half-hourly, hourly, daily and monthly average values of the meteorological dispersion [x/Q] were determined, ranging from 10–9 sec/m3 to 10-2 sec/m3. Peak-to-average values were also investigated. The effect of the plume's constituents, decay during transit to the monitor, and buildup of daughter radionuclides were considered. As the calculations usually employed to determine the dispersion of airborne radioactive effluents are strongly dependent on local topographical and meteorological conditions, the data gathered during this experiment demonstrate the micrometeorological influence on the calculated values of y/Q and on the local site dosimetry. When these results were compared to the PasquillGifford diffusion model gross qualitative agreement was obtained; however quantitative agreement for averaging times of a half-hour or less was not apparent. The results of this experiment clearly illustrate the importance of diurnal effects on dov nward concentrations and the fact that peak concentrations and external gamma fluxes are not adequately described by current models. These data indicate the desirability of inland meteorological measurements as well as future research in the dispersion of gases from reactors located on coastal sites. [Diss. Abstr. Int., B]

26774 [DUN-3155] INVESTIGATION OF EFFLUENT CONTROL STANDARDS AND PRACTICES. Loe, J. W. [Douglas United Nuclear, Inc., Richland, Wash. [USA]]. 26 Sep 1967. 69p. Dep. NTIS $6.50.

This investigation showed that the chemical and sanitary effluents being released by the 300 area contractors to the process ponds and septic tanks do not contribute a significant amount of pollution to the environs. This conclusion is based on the results of a comprehensive sampling survey of the north process pond, Columbia River bank seepage, leaching trenches, and the Columbia River. Current storage facilities for liquid chemicals as presently located would not contribute a significant amount of water pollution in the Columbia River should a rupture or accidental drainage occur. Operating procedures are available involving the receiving, storing, and distributing of liquid chemicals and their subsequent use in the production process. These procedures provide a comprehensive summary of the methods utilized in controlling the various production process variables. Future action planned in order to assure continuing compliance includes the gathering of effluent samples by an automatic effluent sampler at the process pond inlet. Chemical and radiochemical analyses will be periodically performed. Grab samples will be taken from the wells in the vicinity of the ponds, along with Columbia River bank seepage samples, to assess the amount of contaminants in the ground water. Samples from the leaching trenches and Columbia River will continue to be taken and analyzed for Biochemical Oxygen Demand [BOD] and coliform content by Battelle - Northwest. [auth]

Radioactivity Monitoring and Transport

26775

[UNI-158] UNITED NU CLEAR INDUSTRIES INC., REACTOR AND FUEL PRODUCTION FACILITIES 1973 ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASE REPORT. Dabrowski, T. E. [United Nuclear Industries, Inc., Richland, Wash. [USA]]. 15 Mar 1974. Contract AT[45-1]-1857. 14p. Dep. NTIS $4.00.

During calendar year 1973, an estimated total of 3,000,000 lb of waste materials, including approximately 1 g of radionuclides, were discharged to the environs in liquid effluent streams emanating from United Nuclear Industries, Inc., operated facilities. During the same period, approximately 2,000,000 lb of reported waste materials, including a small fraction of a gram of reported radionuclides, were discharged to the atmosphere from United Nuclear Industries, Inc., operated facilities. [auth]

Refer also to abstracts 26482, 26774, 26838, 26841, 26842, 26857, 26898, 27094, and 27106.

[AAEC/E-305[Report 4], pp 1-11] ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS OF RADON-222. Davy, D. R. Jun 1974.

Factors which affect levels of radon in the atmosphere and ground water are discussed. Radon levels in costeans, coresheds and bore water are recorded and discussed. [AT] 26779

[AED-CONF-74-157-002] THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION PROGRAM FOR THE CONTROL, MONITORING AND REPORTING OF RADIOACTIVITY IN EFFLUENTS. Biles, M. B.; Coffman, F. E. [USAEC Division of Operational Safety, Washington, D. C.]. 1974. 6p. INIS.

From seminar on the monitoring of radioactive effluents; Karlsruhe, F. R. Germany [14 May 1974].

2 figs.; 10 tabs.; 2 refs. With abstract, all U, S. Atomic Energy Commission [AEC] facilities discharging

Effluent monitoring and reporting programs are maintained at concentrations of radioactivity that have potential health and safety or environmental significance. The objective of these

26776

ANALYSIS OF RADIATION EXPOSURES ON OR NEAR URANIUM MILL TAILINGS PILES. Schiager, K. J. [Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins]. Radiat. Data Rep.; 15: No. 7, 411-425[Jul 1974].

programs is to assure effective management and control of effluents. To maintain an overview of its effluent control practices, the AEC had developed and instituted a computer-based annual effluent data reporting system to assure that effluent control programs are properly maintained. This system has proven to

be a very useful internal management tool for evaluating the De effectiveness of effluent control programs and for identifying

potential problem areas. [auth]

may be done by standardization of radioisotope concentration in building materials. Gamma-spectrometric analyses for Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 in 300 samples of building materials from various regions of the USSR have been performed and predicted values of gamma radiation doses in buildings made of these materials calculated. To evaluate the parameters determining air concentration of Rn in dwellings Rn accumulation and mechanism of its relea se were studied. For limitation of external gamma radiation levels in dwellings the following values of specific radioisotope permissible concentration are suggested: 10, 7, 126 PCi/g for Ra226, Th-232, and K-40, respectively. For limitation of Rn concentration in dwellings permissible level of effective Ra-226 concentration [the product of Ra-226 concentration by emanation factor] has been recommended 0.6 pCi/g. [auth] 26784 DATA. Section IV. Other Data. Radiat. Data Rep.; 15: No. 7, 450[Jul 1974].

Data from environmental monitoring during 1971 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Oak Ridge area, and Pinellas Peninsula Plant [Florida] are presented. For BNL the tabulated data include: exposure rates at site perimeter; gross a and B and tritium content in surface air; B and y emitters in liquid effluents; gross

q B and tritium in surface waters; y emitters in river water and sediments; y emitters in aquatic animals and fish; gross a and B activity and tritium, ''Sr, and 137Cs content in ground water; 137Cs, 1311, UK, and 'Sr in area milk; 952r, 137Cs, 144Ce, U, Th, and K content in soils; and 'Be, 652 n, 95Zn, 137Cs, 144Ce, U, Th, and Kin grasses. For ORNL the tabulated data include: gross a and B activity and 13 I content in surface air; radioisotopes in Clinch River water; U content in surface streams; "Sr and 1311 content in milk; 13?Cs, 90Sr, and 106 Ru content in Clinch River fish; and U in soils, plants, and grasses. Monitoring of sewer effluent, surface air, surface water, and milk near the Pinellas Peninsula Plant showed tritium release was well below AEC standards for continuous nonoccupation exposure. A nuclear explosion at the nuclear test area at Lop Nor, China on June 17, 1974 and a June 1974 UK underground nuclear test at the NTS in the US are reported. [LCL]

* 1 26780

CONF-730907-P1, pp 338-343] RADIOLOGICAL . 13'11 PROBLEMS ON MAGNOX REACTORS WITH INTEGRAL BOILERS, : WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PERSONNEL ENTRY INTO 9:31 THE PRESSURE VESSEL, Tresise, H. C. [Central Electricity

Generating Board, Bristol, Eng.]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation 0 Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia,

USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Radiological data is presented for the first 4 years of operation 1 of Oldbury Nuclear Power Station. Radiation doses to personnel

on site are very low; the average whole-body dose is about 0.2

rems annually and the highest cumulative dose in 4 years is 2.6 Bex rems. The total annual dose-commitment for operating, refuelling,

and maintaining the two-reactor power station is below 100 man129 rems. During periodic entries into the pressure vessel, the main **** problem is heat. Protective clothing to enable men to work for - 1. se extended periods at temperatures up to 60°C is described. The *** special medical requirements and the method of selecting person

nel to work under these conditions are indicated. Following an -130inspection period, 35S is released in gaseous form during the dryDins out of a reactor core. A monitoring technique is described and

E surveys confirm that locally produced milk is not affected. auth]

26781 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 364-369] REVIEW OF THE FIRST SEVEN YEARS OF OPERATIONAL HEALTH PHYSICS AT DUNGENESS NUCLEAR POWER STATION. Goldfinch, E. P. [Central Electricity Generating Board, Kent, Eng.]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The Dungeness Nuclear Power Station comprises two identical reactors each of the magnox type of nominal thermal power 725 MW[th], nominal electric power 205 MW[e]. The first reactor achieved commercial full power in October 1965 and the second in December 1965. The reactors have been in operation with a lifetime load factor of 77.1% up to March 31st, 1973, and total electrical production 24.5 * 109 KWH [exported]. Refuelling on magnox reactors is continuous with the reactor at full power. The health physics aspects of operation over the past seven years are reviewed. [auth] 26782

[CONF-730907-P1, pp 400-405] INVESTIGATION OF THE TRITIUM LEVEL IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE KARLSRUHE NUCLEAR RESEARCH CENTER.

Koenig, L. A.; Winter, [Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center, Ger.]. Feb 1974. From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

comprehensive tritium monitoring program was carried out in the immediate and more distant neighborhood of the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center. The results obtained in the measure- ment of tritium concentration in precipitations are characterized by strong seasonal variation. By contrast, the measured values for drinking water only show statistical scattering. The values of tritium concentration in surface water are on the average slightly

higher than the values for drinking water. The tritium radiation

burden to the population was estimated to be 0.1 mrem/a on the basis of the measured values available. [auth]

26785 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES IN NEW YORK STATE. Terpilak, M. S.; Jorgensen, B, L. [Environmental Protection Agency, New York]. Radiat. Data Rep.; 15: No. 7, 375-400[Jul 1974].

The annual quantities and types of radioactive materials released from three operating nuclear electric generating facilities, a national laboratory, and a nuclear fuels reprocessing facility are presented and discussed. The period of interest spans the years 1969 through 1972 with some additional data for those facilities operating before 1969. Release quantities have been well controlled, considering the nature and vintage of the operations. Results of environmental surveillance relying most heavily on the activities of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation are presented. Observations at Indian Point Station Unit No. 1 and at Nuclear Fuel Services have led to the discovery of several facility-related radioisotopes in environmental media. These two facilities are of comparatively early vintage, have produced slightly larger amounts of waste materials and have been the subject of more comprehensive studies than others in the State. Dose consequences to hypothetical individuals and to populations within 50 miles of the facilities are addressed. It should be stressed that all individual doses presented are hypothetical. Doses via the drinking water and cow's milk pathways are particularly conservative. In each case, these hypothetical doses are at least an order of magnitude or more greater than the known worst case. No excessive exposure levels are known to have existed. All operations have resulted in postulated exposure levels well within applicable regulations or guidelines, generally being a small percentage of these values. Population doses have been surprisingly consistent through the period of interest. They are insignificant in comparison to the dose to the population of the State from natural or medical sources. [auth]

[CONF-730907– P2, pp 870-881] INVESTIGATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF THE’ RADIOACTIVITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS. Krisyuk, E. M.; Lisachenko, E. P.; Tarasov, $. 1.; Shamov, V. P.; Shalak, N. I. [Inst. of Radiation Hygiene, Leningrad]. Feb 1974. [In Russian].

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia,

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Ionizing radiation in dwellings is one of the main sources of radiation effects on populations. Limitation or decrease of this factor

26786 DETERMINATION OF RADON DAUGHTERS' DISEQUILIBRIUM IN AIR BY GAMMA SPECTROMETRY. Rangarajan, C.; Chandrasekaran, V, R.; Gopalakrishnan, S. S.; Eapen, C. D. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay [India]. Air Monitoring Section]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 573-578[15 May 1974].

A new method based on gamma spectral analysis for measuring the individual concentrations of radon daughters in air is described. The method is particularly suitable for low activity levels as large volumes of air can be collected and measured without significant spectral distortion of the type observed in alpha-spectroscopic methods. By an extension of the method, thoron daughters can also be included in the analysis. A few

results of the measurements carried out using the method, on the extent of radon daughters' disequilibrium in the open air and in a uranium store room, are presented. [auth]

Refer also to abstracts 26449, 27104, 27209, 27215, and 28743.

correlation. There was no significant correlation for two vertical profiles over Arizona because of unusually high CCN concentrations between 2000 and 3000 m. [auth] 26792 ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRIC AND RADON PROFILES OVER A CLOSED BASIN AND THE OPEN OCEAN. Anderson, R.V.; Larson, R.E. [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C. 20390]. J. Geophys. Res. 79: No. 24, 3432-3435 [20 Aug 1974].

Measurements of atmospheric electricity and radon [222Rn] gas were made in February 1972 over the Yukon basin in Alaska and over the ocean near Hawaii. A strong, deep temperature inversion was observed over the Yukon, but there was only a weak trade wind inversion over the ocean. Over Alaska, radon was trapped near the surface in the inversion, and the electrical conductivity was measurably increased above normal at altitudes of 90 and 150 m above the terrain; the qualitative agreement between the radon concentration and the conductivity increase at low levels is good. The current density computed as the product of conductivity and electric field was observed to be substantially constant with height over the Yukon but not over the ocean. It is concluded that representative electrical measurements should not be attempted without investigating possible interfering conditions and that it is possible for natural atmospheric radon to have a direct measurable effect on atmospheric conductivity. [auth]

26787 [CONF-730907-Pi, pp 406-410] ANALYSIS OF AN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR DISTRIBUTING AIR SAMPLING LOCATIONS AROUND NUCLEAR FACILITIES, Waite, D. A. [Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

A new analytical mechanism for distributing air sampling locations around nuclear facilities, including reactors, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and research centers, has been devised. This method was developed to facilitate the efficient incorporation of past experiences into environmental surveillance programs for new installations. The technique provides an initial distribution of air samplers around a site which correlates well with placements on sites which have been occupied by long-established programs with their inherent evolution and refinements. Sensitivities of calculated sampler distributions to various meteorologic and demographic input parameters are discussed. The applicability of this approach has been examined by comparing sampling locations in well-established air monitoring programs scattered worldwide with location distributions recommended by this mechanism. Results of these comparisons are detailed. [auth] 26788 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT UV RADIATION DOSES ON PIGMENTARY AND NONPIGMENTARY YEASTS. AnghelovaPatarinska, Z.; Solakova, I. M. [Inst. of Industrial Microbiology, Sofia]. Compt. Rend. Acad. Bulg. Sci.; 27: No. 4, 543-546 [1974].

The reaction of the yeast cell to uv radiation depending on the presence or absence of carotinoid pigments was investigated in Candida utilis and a pigment mutant strain 73. The following indicators were used as most general criteria of the yeast cell's biological reaction to uv radiation: cell survival after radiation; growth rate in liquid nutritive medium; determination of the quanlity of the absolutely dry biomass at the end of cultivation; and determination of the quantity and quality of the carotinoid pigments in the cultures of the pigment strain. Results showed that action of the yeast cell to uv radiation is substantially affected by the presence or absence of carotinoid pigments. Low radiation doses produced a stimulating action on the growth of both strains. The carotinoid pigments produced a protective action with respect to high doses of uv rays. Only the pigmentary strain survived and shows growth. [CH]

26793 [CONF-730907- P2, pp 900-911] APPROACH TO RADON PROBLEMS IN NON-URANIUM MINES IN SWEDEN. Snihs, J. O. [National Inst. of Radiation Protection, Stockholm]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

In Sweden there are about 60 underground mines. These are for the mining of ferrous and sulphide ores and none are for uranium, Radon measurements were made in all of these mines during 1969 and 1970. By using an assumed equilibrium ratio of 0.5 between radon daughters and radon, the radon daughter levels were calculated to exceed 30 pCi/1 [0.3 WL] in 22 mines with more than 1000 underground employees and in a few mines the levels were estimated to exceed 100 pCi/1 [1 WL]. Hence, non-uranium miners were the largest group of Swedish workers receiving significant radiation doses. However, the se workers are not legally classified as radiological workers. The sources of radon in mines are found to be radon-rich water, ventilation air from abandoned areas with caved materials and, to a lesser extent, minerals particularly rich in radium. In some mines the radon levels vary with the season with a maximum in the summer. No simple correlation to the type of minerals or their geological properties has yet been found, Irstructions on protective measures against radon in mines were issued in March 1972. The regulations are based on a maximum of 30 pCi/1 [0.3 WL] of radon daughters as the average over a year. There are also regulations on the maximum delay period for preventative action, on ventilation, on respirators, on measurements and control, and on medical examinations. Epidemiological studies on the lung cancer frequency among miners

have been made. The period investigated was the years 1961 – 1968. A significant excess of lung cancer has been found. [auth] 26794

[COO-3573-8, pp vp 2p] DISTRIBUTION OF URANIUM AND ITS DECAY SERIES NUCLIDES AND TRACE METALS IN A HUBBARD BROOK, NEW HAMPSHIRE SOIL PROFILE, Kharkar, D. P.; Thomson, J.; Turekian, K. K.; McCaffrey, R. J. 1 Apr 1974.

In trace elements in natural waters.

A soil profile from the Hubbard Brook metered experimental forest was analyzed for 238 U, 234U, 232 Th, 230Th, 226 Ra, 210 ph and Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb. The 232 Th concentration remains constant on an organic free basis thus indicating that the other elements are mainly associated with either the organic fraction or a clay or oxide component closely linked to the organic component in distribution. The uranium isotope ratio is unaffected by the wea

26789 DATA. Section III. Air and Deposition. Radiat. Data Rep.; 15: No. 7, 441-447[Jul 1974].

February 1974 measurements of the gross B-activity in surface air and atmospheric precipitation at 68 sampling stations in the US and at 24 stations in Canada, and in surface air only at 12 Pan American stations and at 18 stations in California are reported. [LCL]

26790 METHOD FOR MEASURING THE WORKING-LEVEL VALUES OF MIXED RADON AND THORON DAUGHTERS IN COAL-MINE AIR. Ogden, T. L. [Inst, of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh]. Ann. Occup. Hyg.; 17: No. 1, 23-34[Aug 1974].

The method was based on measuring the alpha-activity of shiftlong respirable dust samples. Activity concentrations of a few thousandths of a working level were easily measured, and the value obtained was fairly close to a shift average. The sampling equipment used in trials was the MRE gravimetric dust sampler, which is safe for use in methane-air mixtures, and in British coal mines the measurements could be made on routine respirable dust samples. [auth]

26791 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN RADON AND CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEUS CONCENTRATIONS. Larson, R.E. [U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C. 20375]. J. Geophys. Res. 79: No. 24, 3476-3477 [20 Aug 1974].

A strong correlation has been observed between concentrations of radon [222Rn] and cloud condenstation nuclei [CCN] during long-distance transit Nights over North America and during several days of observations over Arizona. The correlation coefficient between the compared observations was 0.92 for transit flights at altitude 2000-4000 m. Correlation coefficients for five altitude profiles, each from 300 to 4500 m over Arizona were in the range of 0.73 -0.95. Over oceans and snow-covered areas there was no

thering process. 230Th and 226Ra both have been mobilized but 230 Th least of all. The sequence of mobilization during weathering is then: 238 U [234U] > 226Ra > 230 Th. [auth]

[COO-3573-8, pp vp 17p] URANIUM AND THORIUM
DECAY SERIES NUCLIDES IN SUSPENDED SEDIMENT OF THE CONNECTICUT RIVER. Lewis, D. M. 1 Apr 1974.

Cochran, J. K.; Benninger, L. K.; In trace elements in natural waters.

The isotopes of the naturally occurring uranium and thorium sea sedimentation processes. More recently, their usefulness decay series have been extensively applied to the study of deep

in the study of near-shore processes has been demonstrated as well. Critical to the understanding of the behavior of these isotopes in near-shore sediments like those of Long Island Sound is a knowledge of their fractionation among the particulate ma- terial carried by rivers and the uptake or loss of the various nuclides during sediment transport prior to deposition. Pre-

liminary determinations of 234U, 238 U, 230Th, 226 Ra, 232 Th and 228 Th ET in the suspended particulates of the Connecticut River are pre

sented. The samples were collected during a period of flood

discharge of the river [7/4/73], and consequently the suspended We load was large. In addition to analyses for U-Th series isotopes, te a number of other parameters [salinity, alkalinity, dissolved ** silica, and suspended load] were measured in order to better 1*** characterize the river conditions at the time of sampling. [auth]

26801 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 254-259] RADIATIONHYGIENIC EVALUATION OF GEOCHEMICAL PROVINCES WITH INCREASED CESIUM-137 MIGRATION. Marei, A. N.; Barkudarov, R. M.; Novikova, N. Ya. [Inst. of Biophysics, Moscow]. Feb 1974. [In Russian].

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Results are reported from studies on 137Cs transfer through the food chain. The areas with increased uptake of 13?Cs from the soil into the plants and food [milk, meat] have been identified. The 13Cs content in these foods exceeds by 10 to 100 times the average value for the Soviet Union. Accordingly 13?Cs contained in the bodies of the rural population is also higher. The average internal radiation doses for humans of various ages ranged from 11 to 19 mrem/year. The possibilities of leukemia occurrence is considered. It is shown that probability for leukemia development during 70 years is 1.2 + 10-30. [auth]

26796 EMANATION AND EXHALATION OF RADON AND ove.CTHORON GASES FROM SOIL PARTICLES. Megumi, K.; Mamuro,

* I. [Radiation Center of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka, Japan]. J. 18 Geophys. Res. 79: No. 23, 3357-3360 [10 Aug 1974].

Samples of soil originating from the weathering of granite rock were vizsieved into eight classes of particle size. Each sieved sample was

measured for its content of 226 Ra [parent nuclide of radon], 22+Ra [parent nuclide of thoron], 228 Ac [grandparent nuclide of 22*Ra], K, Ca, and Fe as well as for the radon and thoron emanation from it. There was a trend for the contents of 226 Ra and 22* Ra to increase as particle

size decreased. On the other hand, the K content showed a different

variation with particle size from the variations found for 226Ra and
***Ra. On the basis of the results of the emanation measurements, it
was concluded that smaller soil particles make relatively more contribution to radon and thoron exhalations from the ground surface than larger soil particles, but they make absolutely less because of their - smaller abundance. [auth]

26802 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 266-271] ANALYSIS OF GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES IN THE RATE OF PURIFICATION OF THE CHAIN LICHENS -REINDEER-MAN FROM CESIUM-137. Troitskaya, M. N.; Ibatullin, M. S.; Litver, B. Ya.; Moiseev, A. A.; Nizhnikov, A. I.; Ramzaev, P. V.; Teplykh, L. A. [Inst. of Radiation Hygiene, Leningrad]. Feb 1974. [In Russian].

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, L'SA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The experiments carried out by a number of research workers in the past 10 to 15 years have proved the food chain lichen reindeer - man in the Arctic areas to have the highest 13?Cs concentration from global fallout. The 137Cs clearance dynamics of this chain in the years 1961 to 1973 along the Soviet coastline of the Arctic Ocean stretching for many thousands kilometers from Alaska to Finland was investigated. The relevant data were obtained from 5 regions for all the links of the chain and compared with other similar chains. The northern chain was found to clear about 2 times slower than other chains. The clearance rate varied in the range of 2 or more times in different geographical regions. [auth]

26797 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 272-278] HIGH RADIOACTIVITY IN DRINKING WATER AND GROUND WATER IN SOUTH TEXAS. Wukasch, M. C.; Cook, L. M.

[Texas State Dept. of Health, Austin]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the Internariportational Radiation Protection Association.

Radioactivity measurements in South Texas have demonstrated

that high gross a, gross B, and radium-226 levels exist in natural ***- ground waters. Levels of radium-226 over 50 times recommended

drinking water limits have been found. Data on some water wells --sampled are presented, and correlation of radioactivity versus * water quality and well depth is attempted. Body burden estimates are presented for some individuals. [auth]

26798

[COO-3573-8] TRACE ELEMENTS IN NATURAL WATERS. Annual Progress Report, July 1, 1973- June 30, 1974. Turekian, K. K. [Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. [USA]. Dept. of Geology and Geophysics]. 1 Apr 1974. Contract AT[11-1]-3573. 169p. Dep. NTIS $11.50.

Nine papers were presented. A separate abstract was prepared for each of 8 papers. One paper was not within the scope of NSA. [LCL]

For abstracts of individual papers see: 26794, 26795, 26811 – 26814, 26827, and 26828. 26799 DATA. Section II. Water Radiat. Data Rep.; 15: No. 7, 437-440[Jul 1974].

January through December 1971 data on the gross B activity in raw and treated surface water and the gross a and B activity in sewage plant effluents in North Carolina are reported. [LCL] 26800

RATIO OF 137Cs - 90Sr IN OCEAN AND SEA WATER. Trusov, A. G.; Ivanova, L. M.; Gedeonov, L.I. Sov. At. Energy [Engl. Transl.]; 34: No. 5, 481-482[May 1973].

Translated from At. Energ. [USSR]; 34: No. 5, 394 [May 1973]. This is a summary of paper No. 668/7235 with full copy held at TIC.

The chemical state and abundances of 90gr and 131Cs in seawater are considered. It was concluded that radioisotopes that have penetrated the water are rapidly subjected to exchange with their own stable isotopes and then share the fate of the ocean strontium

26803 [CONF-730907-Pi, pp 279-284] 137Cs and 134Cs DISTRIBUTION IN SEDIMENT, WATER, AND BIOTA OF THE LOWER HUDSON RIVER AND THEIR DOSIMETRIC IMPLICATIONS FOR MAN. Wrenn, M. E.; Jinks, S. M.; Cohen, N.; Hairr, L. M. [New York Univ. Medical Center, NY]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, L'SA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association,

Since 1964, the magnitudes and distributions of natural, fallout, and reactor-produced radionuclides present in the lower Hudson River Estuary have been under study. Concentrations of the major radionuclides released to the estuary in liquid waste from a pressurized light water reactor have been measured in samples of water, sediment, and biota. These measurements have been combined with information related to site characteristics and human use of the environment to obtain estimates of the magnitudes and pathways of human radiation exposure from routine power reactor operation. At present 13?Cs and 134Cs are the critical radionuclides in the lower estuary, and consumption of fish is the most important route of exposure for man. Based on measurements to date, releases from a PWR of 20 Ci/yr each of 13?Cs and 134Cs would result in an annual total-body dose to an avid local fish eater of about 0.2 mrem/year. [auth]

26804 [CONF-730907 - P2, pp 1066-1071] GENETIC DOSE LIMIT FOR GENERAL POPULATION, DOSE LIMIT, AND DERIVED CONCENTRATION GUIDES FOR MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC: COMPULSIVE ACTION GUIDES FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS. de Nulman, R. M. [Instituto Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Mexico City]; de la Rosa, C. A. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Using methods recommended by ICRP & UNSCEAR, the mean age of childbearing and genetic dose limit was calculated for the Mexican population. Data for the Mexican population when available, complemented with internationally recommended data, are

Ecosystems and Food Cycles
Refer also to abstracts 26831, 27257, 27259, and 27263.

Page 5

used to derive concentration guides for several radionuclides in various environmental media. Derived concentration guides in sea

water are calculated applying the specific activity concept. Emer-

gency projected doses demanding action to be taken are proposed.
Data lacking is emphasized in order to encourage further studies on habits, critical pathways and transfer factors through food chain for radionuclides in Mexico. [auth]

26805 [F-597] DAILY IODINE CONTENT OF URINE FROM FOUR PLACES IN NORWAY, WINTER 1972/1973. Mathisen, O. [Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt, Kjeller [Norway]]. Feb 1974. 22p. [In Norwegian]. Dep. NTIS [US Sales Only] $4.25.

Earlier investigations have been continued on the level of iodine intake in Norway. The concentration of iodine in 24-hour samples of urine from men at four places has been measured during the winter 1972/73. Consistent with earlier findings, the variation from place to place is barely noticeable, a mutually significant difference in levels can only be pointed out for a single pair [P = 3.6%]. At two of the places the winter 72/73 levels are significantly higher than those of the winter 71/72. The material gives no justification for the addition of iodine in the diet. A further broader investigation of iodine in 24-hour urine samples, TSH, and inorganic iodide in plasma would be of great interest. [auth] 26806 [SRO-641-14] RADIOACTIVE TRACER STUDIES OF SOIL AND LITTER ARTHROPOD FOOD CHAINS. Summary Report, 1971–1974. Crossley, D. A. Jr. [Georgia Univ., Athens [USA]]. 15 Aug 1974. Contract AT [38-1]-641, 64p. Dep. NTIS $6.25.

Data are presented on the content of fallout 137 Cs in soil and leaf litter arthropod food chains of granitic outcrop ecosystems in Georgia during 1971 to 1974. Samples of soil, lichens, mosses, vascular plants, and arthropods were analyzed for 131 Cs and also for K, Ca, and Na. Results are included from laboratory studies of mineral cycling in litter arthropod food chains in which 134 Cs and 855r were used as tracers for K and Ca. [CH]

that during the digestion process the 137Cs in the food became strongly sorbed onto the sediment which was associated with the ingested food, thereby reducing the assimilation of the ICs by the fish. Gammarus, filamentous algae and higher plants were the major sources of radiocesium in the diet of F. heteroclitus in the Hudson River. Direct sorption of radiocesium from water by F. heteroclitus in the Hudson River contributed a very small portion of the total radiocesium. F. heteroclitus in the Hudson River inadvertently ingest some sediment during the feeding process, making sediment a source of radiocesium for Fundulus.

Laboratory experiments revealed that only a small portion [abait

3%] of the 137Cs on the ingested sediment may be assimilated.
However, due to the relatively high concentrations of radiocesium
in the sediment, this route of uptake is not necessarily insignifi- cant. The level of significance of uptake of radiocesium from the sediment varies inversely with the activity of the water. During times when the release rates of radiocesium by Con Edison resulted in an increase in the activity of the river water, the activity in the food organisms increased while the activity of the sediment remained essentially constant. Therefore, the relative importance of uptake of radiocesium due to the ingestion of sedi- ment was small, about 3%. However, during times of low release rates, the activity of the water and food organisms declined while the activity of the sediment remained unchanged. Under these conditions, the relative importance of uptake of radiocesium from the ingested sediment became significant, about 25%. The sedi- ment, therefore, plays a dual role in the cycling of 18TCs in the Hudson River estuary. During times of high release rates, the presence of sediment in the ingested foods reduces the uptake rate of 137Cs in Fundulus by reducing the assimilation of SCs.

During times of low release rates, the ingestion of sediment

can be responsible for much of the uptake of 137Cs by Fundilus
because sediment retains its 137Cs long after the activity in the water and food organisms declines. Whether food organisms of F. heteroclitus were obtaining radiocesium from the sediment was investigated since this is a possible mechanism by which

radiocesium may be recycled from the sediment through the

aquatic food chain. Filamentous algae necessarily obtain all
their radiocesium via direct sorption from water. A literature
review revealed that rooted aquatic plants may obtain significant
amounts of radiocesium from the sediment. Laboratory experi-
ments revealed that Gammarus obtained a large majority of its
137Cs from direct sorption from water. Accordingly, the only potential route of recycling of radiocesium from the sediment to F. heteroclitus was either by direct ingestion of sediment or by the ingestion of rooted aquatic plants which may obtain a signii- icant portion of their radiocesium from the sediment. In addition to the uptake rate, the elimination rate was investigated in the laboratory in order to quantitatively determine the temporal behavior of radiocesium in F. heteroclitus. The elimination rate consisted of two components, a long term component comprising

about 80% of the body burden with a biological half life [Tb hy of

about 260 days and a short term component comprising about 20% of the body burden with a Tb 1% of about 6 days. There was no detectable difference in the elimination rate of 13°Cs among

fish with weights between 2 and 14 grams but there was an indica-

tion that the salinity, temperature of the media and starvation
of the fish influenced the elimination rate. [Diss. Abstr. Int., B} 26809 DATA.

Section I. Milk and Food. Radiat. Data Rep. 15: No. 7, 427-436[Jul 1974].

Data on the 1370s and 90Sr content in milk at 63 sampling stations in the US, 16 in Canada, and 7 stations in Central and South America and Puerto Rico are reported for February 1974 and for the 12-month period from March 1973 to March 1974. [LCL] 26810

CONCENTRATION OF RADIOACTIVE COBALT BY
MICROSCOPIC ALGAE IN RELATION TO ITS CHEMICAL FORM
Paoletti, A.; Bartoli, G.; Parrella, A.; Sandhelli

, G. [Unix, Naples]. Italian].

Since 58 Co and BO Co represent the radionuclides with the

26807 AEROSOL PARTICLES ON TOBACCO TRICHOMES. Fleischer, R. L.; Parungo, F. P. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO]. Nature [London]; 250: No. 5462, 158-159[12 Jul 1974].

Reference is made to Martell [Nature 249: 215 [1974]] who proposed a way in which atmospheric radioactivity may be incorporated into the lungs of tobacco smokers. The a-radioactivity, due to Rn and its decay products, becomes attached to sub-micron atmospheric particles which become attached to the sticky tips of tobacco trichomes. In support of Martell's suggestion that the radioactivity observed on trichomes comes from atmospheric aerosols, evidence was obtained that aerosols are in fact present on and inside trichome tips. Trichomes from N. Carolina fluecured and Turkish air-cured tobacco leaves were examined in a Cwikscan 100 instrument equipped with a Kevex x-ray energy spectrometer, which allowed visual observation at high magnification and detection of elements in particles down to 250 A diameter, Aerosols > 0.5um diameter could be examined individually on the surface of the trichomes, and could be seen attached to the trichome tips. Where individual particles were not seen the relevant signal came from many very small aerosols trapped within the exudate on the trichome tips. This agrees with Martell's reasoning that Rn daughter radioactivity precipitates on aerosols that diffuse to trichome tips and later become insoluble residues in tobacco smoke. [UK]

Nuovi Ann. Ig. Microbiol.; 24: 252-273[1973]. [In

26808 ACCUMULATION OF 137CS BY FUNDULUS HETERO- CLITUS IN THE HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY. Mauro, J. J. New York; New York Univ. [1973]. 131p. University Microfilms Order No. 74-16,845.

Thesis [Ph. D.].

The pathways by which Fundulus heteroclitus [the saltwater killifish] obtain radiocesium from the Hudson River estuary in the vicinity of Indian Point and the effect of salinity on this uptake were quantitatively determined by the use of laboratory and field studies. Based on the results of these studies, a theoretical model was developed to predict the expected concentration of radiocesium in fish. The ingestion rate was determined by sequential sampling and stomach content analyses of F. heteroclitus obtained from the Hudson River. These studies revealed that F. heteroclitus fed predominately on filamentous algae, Gammarus and rooted aquatic vegetation, and the Fundulus ingested 14% of their body weight per day during the growing season [April to November]. Laboratory and field studies revealed that the activity of radiocesium in the food organisms depended strongly on the salinity of the water. The fractional assimilation of 137Cs from ingested food, determined in the laboratory, was close to 100%. However, the presence of sediment along with the ingested material markedly reduced the assimilation of radiocesium from food. It is believed

Page 6

Radiation Detection Instruments

Refer also to abstracts 27056 and 27094.

General Detectors and Monitors

Refer also to abstracts 26415, 27021, 27083, 27086, 27286, 28490,

28596, 28708, and 28726.

26838 [AED-CONF-74-157-001] MONITORING RADIOACTIVE EFFLUENTS BY LARGE AREA PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS. A Possibility for Standardization. Barz, H. G.; Borchardt, K. D.; Hacke, [Hahn-Meitner-Institut fuer Kernforschung Berlin G.m.b.H. [F. R. Germany]. Abt. Strahlenschutz]. 1974. 9p. INIS.

From seminar on the monitoring of radioactive effluents; Karlsruhe, F. R. Germany [14 May 1974].

3 figs.; 2 tabs.; 2 refs. With abstract in English and German.

The monitoring of radioactive effluents released from a 5 MW swimming pool reactor is described. Plastic scintillation detectors mounted in special by pass chambers are used. Data are given regarding calibration and sensitivities for B-particles and 7-radiation. The activity concentration as well as the total activity released can be determined directly. If necessary, background reduction can be obtained by use of a conventional compensation method. The advantages of plastic scintillation detectors compared with GM-tubes are discussed. [auth] 26839 [CEA-R-4576] EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AN X-RAY DETECTOR SENSITIVITY TO 1- TO 20-keV PHOTONS. Chollet, J. P.; Colin, J.; Gouin, J. [CEA Centre d'Etudes de Bruyeres-le-Chatel, 92 - Montrouge [France]]. Jul 1974. 28p. [In French]. Dep. NTIS [US Sales Only] $4.50.

An experimental technique to measure an X-ray detector sensitivity at low energies is described. The detector parts are a 56 DVP photomultipliers associated with a fast plastic scintillator [SPF or NE 104]. The monochromatic x ray machine and the arrangement especially built for this purpose are described with details. Figures and tables summarize calibration results. [auth] 26840

[CONF-730907 - P2, pp 852-856] CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTIC FILM: ITS PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS IN HEALTH PHYSICS. Bhagwat, A. M.; Soman, S. D. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The standardization of cellulose nitrate [C.N.] films [thickness *3.0 mg/cm2] for the detection of alpha particles from a 239 Pu source and some of its applications are discussed. The etchant used was 6 N NaOH. The optimum etching time for the development of tracks was found to be 4.5 hours at room temperature [24 to 25°C]. The track formation efficiency under the se conditions works out to be 17.9%. Results of some studies are included. It is now possible to detect low alpha activities of the order of 10-3 dpM, thereby making many types of extremely low level alpha measurements possible. [auth] 26841

[CONF-730907 - P2, pp 920-925] LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS OF RADON DAUGHTER ACTIVITY IN MINES. Haider, B.; Jacobi, W. [Gesellschaft fuer Strahlen und Umweltforschung mbH, Munich]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia,

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

A rugged, portable filter monitor for the long-term measurement of Rn-daughter activity in mines with direct indication of the cumulative exposure is described. The monitor is equipped with rechargeable batteries and enables continuous or fractionated air sampling at preset time intervals over a period of 1 to 2 weeks with one battery charge. The results of continuous measurements over a one-year period in a fluor spar mine are discussed. [auth]

[CONF-730907 – P2, pp 932-938] MONITOR FOR USE IN MINES." James, A. C.; Strong, J.C.

RADON DAUGHTER [National Radiological Protection Board, Harwell, Eng.]. Feb

From third international congress of the International Radiation

Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

A self-contained monitor for the measurement of airborne Raa, RaC and the working level, WL, in the shortest practicable time and with a minimum of calculation is described. The ratio of two gross alpha-counts gives, directly, the ratio of airborne alphaemitter concentrations, RaC': Raa, after collection on a filter, This is achieved because the contribution from airborne Ra B to the measured alpha-activity is minimized by choosing short sampling and counting times. The RaA concentration is derived from the first alpha-count, during air sampling. WL is derived from the second alpha-count. No background correction is required. Systematic errors in estimated quantities are small. With a total measuring time of eleven minutes, the limits of detection are approximately 1 pCi/liter for RaA and 10 4 for WL. [auth] 26843 [CONF-730907- P2, pp 957-962] MONITORING OF LOW-ENERGY RADIONUCLIDE CONTENT IN HUMAN BODY. Dolguirev, E. I.; Kaidanovskii, G. N.; Porozov, N. V.; Shamov, V. M. [Inst. of Radiation Hygiene, Leningrad]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

A 15 cm -dia 0.1 cm thick Nal detector and an Ar-CH, proportional counter with a 300 cm2 window are used for in vivo measurements of 210 Pb, 239 Pu and 241 Am content in the human body. The subject's background was determined from the correlation of the counting rates in two channels, e.g. for 210 Pb: 30 to 55 and 100 to 150 keV, respectively. The detectors were calibrated on an anthropomorphous phantom with a thickness of the tissue absorption layer varying from zero to 4 cm. Calculation methods for nuclide content in critical organs and cases illustrating different types of radionuclide distribution in the human body are given. [auth] 26844 [CONF-730907 - P2, pp 969-975] METHODS OF ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT FOR MEASUREMENT OF 210 Pb, 238 Pu AND 241 Am IN HUMAN BODY. Dolguirev, E.; Kaidarovskii, G. N.; Porozov, N. V.; Shamov, V. P. [Inst. of Radiation Hygiene, Leningrad]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Calibration of detectors designed for in vivo measurements of 210Pb, 230 Pu and 241 Am in human body was made by means of an anthropomorphous phantom. Absorption of low energy photons [13 to 60 keV] in materials simulating various biological tissues was studied. The calibration coefficients for the fat tissue [2 = 5.9] were 3 times as high as those for the muscular one [Z = 7.4], when the tissue thickness was 2 cm. In this connection, the distribution and ratio of the said tissues in the human body were studied, using a group of 30 men. In calibration phantom measurements, a tissue equivalent material simulating the biological tissue with 22% of fat tissue and 78% of muscular one was used. Detectors have been calibrated for measurements in the energy bands: 10 to 25 keV 239 Pu, 30 to 55 keV, 210 Pb, 10 to 25 keV and 35 to 70 keV 241 Am and tissue absorber thicknesses in the range from 0.5 to 4 cm. The effect of such factors as variations in the shape and location of body organs, radiations of isotopes deposited in the skeleton, and some others was taken into account. [auth] 26845

[CONF-730907 - P2, pp 979-984] ASSESSMENT OF PLUTONIUM IN HUMAN LUNGS WITH THIN Nal[Tl] DETECTOR SYSTEMS. Sharma, R. C.; Somasundaram, S.; Surendran, T.; Kapur, D. K.; Garg, S. P. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The development of detector systems for assessment of inhaled plutonium-americium dust deposited in human lungs by direct detection of externally emitted low-energy photons is a continuing program at Trombay. This paper describes the work done with thin NaI[Tl] scintillation detector systems. The background data inside the Trombay steel room in different low-energy bands for crystals

Page 7

26921 [CONF-730907-P2, pp 1464-1469] NEW TECHNIQUE IN ENVIRONMENTAL NEUTRON SPECTROSCOPY. Awschalom, M.; Coulson, L. [National Accelerator Lab., Batavia, IL]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

A new phoswich has been developed that permits the measurement of the environmental neutron spectrum using Bonner spheres. The new phoswich consists of an 8 mm diameter, 8 mm long 6 Lil [Eu] crystal surrounded by plastic scintillator. The use of the fast signals from the plastic scintillator in anticoincidence with the slow signals from the 6 Lil [Eu] gives a nearly background free 6 Li[n,c:] He peak. Thus, the signal to noise ratio in the vicinity of the peak is very high [20 to 35 to 1]. An adequate number of counts is obtainable in one day for most of the spheres. [auth] 26922 [ITEF-33] GAMMA-SPECTROMETER WITH THE Gel Li] SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR FOR EXPERIMENTS ON THE PROTON ACCELERATOR. Kirpichnikov, I. V.; Kuznetsov, V. A.; Nikiforov, N. A.; Starostin, A. S. [Gosudarstvennyj Komitet po Ispol’zovaniyu Atomnoj Ehnergii SSSR, Moscow. Inst. Teoreticheskoj i Ehksperimental'noj Fiziki]. 1973. 22p. [In Russian]. INIS.

The characteristics and a block diagram of the y spectrometer with Gel Li] semiconductor detectors, developed for use in experiments on the excitation of nuclei by high-energy protons at the proton accelerator, are reported. The characteristics of the electronic circuits, connected with the specific work at the accelerator, are briefly described. The spectrometer and auxiliary equipment made it possible to carry out extended exposures [~5 days]. The energy resolution of the spectrometer is ~10 keV for proton energies of 5 to 7 MeV under conditions of repeated overloading of the spectrometric channels. [tr-auth] 26923 [NP-20073] ON-LINE STABILITY MONITOR FOR MOESS BAUER SPECTROMETERS. Gangas, N. H. J.; Prelorendjo, L. A, A. [Ioannina Univ. [Greece]. Dept. of Physics]. [nd]. 11p. Dep. NTIS [US Sales Only] $4.00.

The principle of operation and the practical features of a simple electronic circuit which permits the on-line monitoring of the performance of Moessbauer spectrometers during the time of measurements are described. The circuit produces in the Moessbauer spectrum two dummy “resonance" lines, whose positions and widths reveal to the experimenter the overall performance of his spectrometer. For a constant acceleration spectrometer the sensitivity of the circuit is such that a 1% variation of the calibration of the spectrometer produces a visually detectable change in the position of a dummy line. [auth] 26924 PREPARATION OF PLANAR LITHIUM DRIFTED GERMANIUM DETECTORS. Balcarcel, R.; Fernandez, A.; Gallardo, R. [Univ. Nacional de Mexico, Mexico City]. Rev. Mex. Fis., Supl. Fis. Apl.; 22: FA59-FA68 [1973].

The development of the Ge[Li] diode as a detector and energy spectrometer for gamma rays has made possible new experiments in low energy nuclear physics and refinements in existing ones. The primary advantage of the detector is its energy-resolving capability. Lithium drifted germanium detectors are characterized principally by the way in which the radiation sensitive zone is achieved. When the diffused Li ions are drifted under a reverse bias across the original P-type germanium, large intrinsic regions can be obtained in which there are almost no free charge carriers. This is the suitable zone for the detection of nuclear radiation which liberates charge carriers in a number proportional to its energy. A detailed description is made of a method to prepare the above mentioned detectors. [auth] 26925 PROPORTIONAL COUNTER FOR RECORDING ULTRASOFT X RADIATION. Smirnov, V. N.; Seregin, Yu. P. [Central Scientific-Research Inst. of Ferrous Metallurgy', Moscow]. strum. Exp. Tech. [USSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1, 48-50[1974].

Translated from Prib. Tekh. Eksp.; 17: No. 1, 52-55[1974].

A flow-type proportional counter was developed which allows x radiation to be recorded in the energy range from 0.1 to 1.5 keV. The resolving power is o/V = 12,7% for the characteristic Al-Ko. The basic working characteristics of the counter are presented for the recording of K lines of the elements from B to Si, as well as the results of determining its limiting sensitivity. [auth] 26926 INVESTIGATING A RESONANCE SCINTILLATION DETECTOR. Dolenko, A, V.; Egiazarov, B. G.; Raikhman, E. M. Instrum. Exp. Tech. [USSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1, 56-58 [1974].

Translated from Prib. Tekh. Eksp.; 17: No. 1, 58-60[1974]. A scintillation resonance detector based on 1198nOis described which is selectively sensitive to y quanta having an energy of 23.8 keV. The detector records internal-conversion electrons. The advantages of the new detector over conventional nonresonance detectors are demonstrated, and comparative experimental data are presented. [auth] 26927 TRIAXIAL CRYSTAL NEUTRON SPECTROMETER. Shapiro, V. G.; Solov'ev, S. P.; Kukhto, O. L.; Efimovich, O. N. [Scientific-Research Physico-Chemical Inst., Moscow]. Instrum. Exp. Tech. [USSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1, 29-31[1974].

Translated from Prib. Tekh. Eksp.; 17: No. 1, 36-38[1974].

A triaxial neutron spectromeeter is described in which the device for monochromatization of slow neutrons simultaneously rotates the crystal monochromator and shifts it along the neutronbeam axis. This allows the axis of the sample to be made stationary and thus allows a reduction of the mass of the parts of the biological radiation shielding components which were moved during the measurements. Results are presented of measurements of the dispersion relationships on a model sample. The instrument is installed on a VVR-Ts reactor. [auth] 26928 MONOCHROMATOR FOR SLOW NEUTRONS. Kukhto, 0. L.; Konstantinov, A. P.; Ruchkov, V. E.; Solov'ev, S. P.; Shapiro, V. G. [Scientific-Research Physico-Chemical Inst., Moscow]. Instrum. Exp. Tech. [USSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1, 32-33[1974],

Translated from Prib. Tekh. Eksp.; 17: No. 1, 39-40[1974].

A monochromator for slow neutrons is described whose use in neutron spectrometers allows the sample axis to be held motionless. Because of this the mass of the moving biological shielding is reduced, which increases the accuracy with which the sections of the spectrometer are mounted at designed positions. The device provides the possibility of obtaining monochromatic neutrons in the range of wavelengths from 0.9 to 5 A at a fairly high resolving power. [auth] 26929 INCREASING THE STABILITY OF SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETERS. Sabol, I.; Sheda, 1. [Prague Polytechnic Inst.]. Instrum. Exp. Tech. [USSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1, 37-38[1974].

Translated from Prib. Tekh. Eksp.; 17: No. 1, 42-44[1974].

A method is described for automatic gain control of a scintillation spectrometric device by means of a photomultiplier with a control grid. [auth] 26930

SHAPE OF THE EQUIPMENT LINE OF A SEMICONDUCTOR ALPHA SPECTROMETER. Stepanov, E. K.; Stoyanova, S. A.; Tyutikov, N. V. [All-Union Scientific-Research Inst. of Physico-Technical and Radio-Engineering Measurements, Moscow].

Instrum. Exp. Tech. [USSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1, 39-41[1974].

Translated from Prib. Tekh. Eksp.; 17: No. 1, 44-47[1974].

An investigation was made of the shape of the equipment spectra of alpha particles obtained using Soviet silicon surface-barrier detectors of the DKPs and DKPsd types. It is shown that the alpha line may have either a symmetrical or asymmetrical shape, depending on the chosen detector. The causes of the development of the asymmetry of the alpha spectrum were investigated

. It was shown that for nonsymmetrical spectra the left and right sides of the alpha lines can be described by Gaussian curves having different parameters, The dependence between the energy resolution and resolving power of the spectrometer is investigated for spectra having various asymmetry coefficients. [auth] 26931

ENERGY CALIBRATION OF HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS USING A CHERENKOV DETECTOR AND A COMPARISON WITH DIFFERENT METHODS. de Almeida, C. E.; Almond, P, R. [Univ. of Texas, Houston]. Phys. Med. Biol.; 19: No. 4, 476-483 [Jul 1974].

One of the basic problems in the use of high energy therapy machines is the precise determination of the primary energy of the electron beam. Some of the techniques commonly used have limitations. For example, in foil activation only a few thresholds exist in the useful energy range and with some machines it is difficult to vary continuously the energy. lncertainties exist in the range-energy relationship for electron beams and for spectral analysis, expensive equipment is required. A new way of estimating electron beam energy has been developed using Cherenkov radiation generated by relativistic electrons passing through a gas. Two different gases were studied, carbon dioxide and air, which have threshold values of 17.0 and 22 Me! respectively at S.T.P. The detector consisted of a gas filled pipe 120 cm long with a thin brass window at the front and a mirror set at 45° to the beam direction at the far end which reflected the Cherenkov radiation onto the cathode of a photomultiplier tube.

Page 8

methods for the binary light or dark condition of each array ele-
ment. Synchronized signals are included in the tape recording of
the linearized array output. Application to EMP traces will be made. Real-time displays involve limitations in scanning time. A

display may change time-wise as a complete frame, or as an evolv- ing scene. Examples include the outputs of a simple image ampli

fier or of a fast sweep oscilloscope. Scan time or sensitivity con

• straints usually dictate the use of three-element array elements P: [photo-transistors]. [MCW]

[UCRL-75623] X-RAY FLUORESCENCE EXPERIMENTS WITH POLARIZED X RAYS. Howell, R. H.; Pickles,

W. L.; Cate, J. L. Jr. [California Univ., Livermore [USA]. **1' Lawrence Livermore Lab.]. 15 Jul 1974. 10p. [CONF-7408 09 - 2:5]. Dep. NTIS $4.00.

From 23rd annual conference on applications of x-ray analysis; Denver, Colorado, USA [7 Aug 1974].

Two methods of obtaining polarized x rays for fluorescence experiments are discussed. Compton scattering from a low-2 scatterer is the usual method used in such experiments. The polarization of x rays undergoing anomalous Borrman trans- mission in a dislocation-free crystal is also described and pre- liminary results are presented. Approximate expressions, useful for comparing scatter-polarizing systems, are derived for the dependence of scatter rejection and fluorescent efficiency on two scattering-system parameters: the thickness of the scattering

polarizer and the geometric limit to solid angles and angular Sizi divergences in the system. [auth]

26979 METHOD FOR THE NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF

THE PERFORMANCE OF MASS ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS EM***.3: PLOYING ARBITRARY ION OPTICS. Birtles, A. B. [Water

Resources Board, Reading, Eng.]; Mellor, D. J. J. Phys., D. [London]; 7: No. 10, 1351-1360[Jul 1974].

A generally applicable method is proposed for the computation - $ of the dispersion and resolution of mass analysers using a linear *** perturbation technique. The method should prove invaluable when

simple expressions for the resolving power of a particular instru-
ment, existing or proposed, are not available, or if the presence of
non-ideal fields or injected ion beam imperfections has a signifi- cant influence on performance. Techniques are illustrated by the computation of the output dispersion characteristics and resolving power of a quadrupole configuration employing eccentric circular exit apertures of various diameters. [auth] 26980

L'SE OF DIGITAL DISCRIMINATORS FOR PRELIMI-
NARY TAKEOFF OF INFORMATION IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL
ANALYSIS. Medved, S. V.; Sinaev, A. N.; Khaupt, Kh.; Tsakher,
G. Yu.; Chelnokov, L. P. [Joint inst. of Nuclear Research, Dubna, USSR]. Instrum. Exp. Tech. [CSSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1, 68-71[1974].

Translated from Prib. Tekh. Eksp.; 17: No. 1, 68-71[1974].

A device is described for preliminary takeoff of information by means of digital discriminators. The device contains 16 digital discriminators which determine the lower and upper boundaries of the sectors of the spectrum which are recorded in the storage device. One may carry out two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements. As an example of the use of the device in the twodimensional mode, an investigation is made of the decay diagram of the 127Ba isotope for determining the lifetime of one of the excited states. [auth]

DISCRIMINATOR FOR SINGLE EVENTS. Morozov, A. G. Instrum. Exp. Tech. [USSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1,

Translated from Prib. Tekh. Eksp.; 17: No. 1, 76-80[1974], The circuit of a discriminator of single events is described which allows a substantial reduction of the distortion of the spectrum of the time intervals that develop as a result of the superposition of several events in an investigated time interval, Results of checking the circuit are presented. [auth]

TRENDS IN NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTATION. Andrews, 1. [Brandenburg Ltd., Nuclear Engineering Division, Ger.]. Electron. Power; 20: No. 14, 562-565[8 Aug 1974].

The use of nucleonic techniques by a diverse range of customers and industries produces particular and possibly unique problems. Each customer working in his own particular field, whether it be medicine, industrial control, chemical, or materials analysis, has a completely individual requirement in nucleonic specifications. The modular concept for instrumentation, called CAMAC, facilitates the interfacing of data from general nucleonic instrumentation into an online computer. To overcome difficulties caused by the possible failure of a company who produces a certa in modular system, the US Atomic Energy Commission produced a specification for a modular system N.I.M. [Nuclear Instrumentation Modules]. The future development of this system is discussed.

The UKAEA has developed a care-frame system of nuclear instru-
mentation that is intended to be put together by the manufacturers into discrete instruments. Some examples of this instrumentation are given. [UK] 26983 ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF OUTPUT ELECTRONS IN A CURVED CHANNEL MULTIPLIER. Loubet, D.; Barat, C. [Toulouse-3 Univ., 31 [France]. Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 118: No. 1, 259-262 [1 Jun 1974].

The energy distribution of secondary electrons was measured at the output of a Bendix type 4010 curved channel multiplier for different values of the angle of electron emergence with respect to the tube axis. The results obtained illustrate the different types of

trajectories and their contribution to the amplification of the elec-

tron cloud as a function of voltage. The hypothesis that the termi- nal charge is statistically limited for voltage of about 3 kV is con- firmed by the good correlation between the measured maximum energies of different spectra and those predicted theoretically. [auth] 26984 CORRECTION FOR COUNTING LOSSES IN MULTI- CHANNEL TIME ANALYZERS. Chwaszczewski, S.; Mikulski, A. T. [Institute of Nuclear Research, Warsaw [Poland]]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 118: No. 1, 227-230[1 Jun 1974].

The formulae expressing corrections for dead-time losses, for measurements performed with multichannel analyzers operating in time mode are derived. The reasoning concerns analyzers in which the dead time is variable, from the moment of the pulse arrival till the moment when the memory cycle is finished. A series of measurements has been carried out to check if the formulae are correct. [auth] 26985 A DIGITAL METHOD FOR REACTOR-PERIOD MEASUREMENT. Mundim, S. G. [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro [Brazil]]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 118: No. 1, 273-278[1 Jun 1974].

A digital method to measure the period of a nuclear reactor is described which is derived from the definition formula of the period. The instrument, whose basic circuit is explained, is able to process the period every 8s, with a self-adapting accuracy circuit which keeps the errors at their minimum values. Integrated circuits are used, allowing for simple and cheap assembling. [The method was developed as a requisite for a Master of Science degree at COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in February 1971.] [auth] 26986 A DYNAMICALLY REGULATED LEVITATION ELECTROMETER USED IN A SEARCH FOR FRACTIONAL CHARGES. Garris, E. D.; Ziock, K. 0. H. [Virginia Univ., Charlottesville [USA]. Dept. of Physics]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 467-475[15 May 1974].

A levitation electrometer based on the dynamic magnetic suspension method of Beams has been developed. The electrometer was used to measure the residual charge of twelve small [0.2 mm diam.] steel balls. A charge distribution was found that was suggestive of the existence of fractional charges. The systematic errors that could have caused such a distribution are discussed. [auth] 26987 AN APPLICATION OF THE BAT EMAN EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING ACTIVITIES IN STREAMING SYSTEMS. Baechmann, K.; Buettner, K.; Niedhart, B. [Technische Univ. Darmstadt [F.R. Germany]. Fachbereich Anorganische Chemie und Kernchemie]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 397-399 [15 May 1974]. [In German].

The following study shows the applicability of Bateman-equations for calculating the activities of nuclides belonging to one decay chain, the nuclides being continuously formed and transported with different velocities. The calculation of the activities in a certain distance is possible after substitution of the parameters half-life and transportation time by "half-distance" [half-life x transportation velocity of the respective nuclide] and the distance that has been covered. [auth] 26988 TIMING AND AMPLITUDE CHARACTERISTICS OF A PARALLEL-PLATE ELECTRON MULTIPLIER. Berg, S.; Eriks

[Uppsala Univ. [Sweden]. Fysiska Institutionen]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 345-347[15 May 1974].

The amplitude distributions and time durations of current pulses in a parallel-plate electron multiplier [PPEM] are reported. The performance of the PPEM and the channel electron multiplier [CEM] are compared and the differences in behavior are pointed out. [auth] 26989 A NEW TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETER FOR THE STUDY OF ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS. Smith, D. L.; Futrell, J. H. [Utah Univ., Salt Lake City [USA]. Dept. of Chemistry]. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys.; 14: No. 2, 171-181[Jul 1974].

Page 9

NUCLEAR SCIENCE ABSTRACTS

Vol. 30, No. 10 The survival, OER and RBE for Hela, leukemia, and kidney cells after irradiation with 14 MeV neutrons, pion beams, and

almost completely reversible following transfer of the cells from heavy ion beams dispersed by ridge filters were calculated.

the lower temperatures to 37°C and further incubation. The SFR Simple beam models and the delta-ray theory of cellular survival

under full medium [postirradiation] conditions was not significantly were used in the calculations which referred to a mixed radiation

modified by the presence of metabolic inhibitors at concentrations environment and the potential application of these irradiation

nontoxic to at least 70% of the cell population. When the irradiated systems in radiotherapy. [auth]

cells were kept in suspension rather than left in monolayers during

the incubation period, the SFR was reduced from 15-20 to 4-5. 27017 EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON CELLS OF

[auth] ARACHIS HYPOGAEAL. AND DOLICHOS LABLAB L. GROWN IN CULTURE. Batra, A., Arya, H. C. [Univ. of Rajasthan,

Radiation Effects on Microorganisms Jaipur, India]. Indian J. Exp. Biol.; 12: No. 1, 67-71 [Jan 1974]. Different doses of gamma radiation [5 to 8000 R] were given

Refer also to abstracts 27002, 27009, and 27014. to A. hypogaea and D. lablab callus tissues grown on Murashige and Skoog, and Hildebrandt's tobacco high salt media, respectively.

27021 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 382-387] NEW LOW LEVEL Tissues were subcultured within 2 to 3 hr of irradiation and grown

ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING AROUND NUCLEAR on fresh media of the same composition. Cytomorphological

FACILITIES; DISCRIMINATING FROM NATURAL RADIATION. studies of these cells revealed no visible manifestation of radia

Moriuchi, S.; Imai, K.; Miyanaga, I. [Japan Atomic Energy Re

search Inst., Tokai]. tion effects at the lower doses up to 500 R. Higher doses from

Feb 1974,

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation 1000 to 8000 caused irregular cell shapes with papillate pro

Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, jections in both the tissues. These projections were more prom

USA [9 Sep 1973]. inent in A. hypogaea than in D. lablab cells. At higher doses,

In proceedings of the third international congress of the Internamigration of the nucleus to the periphery, deformity of the cells,

tional Radiation Protection Association. decreased cytoplasmic movement [as observed under phase con

Recently, gaseous effluents from nuclear reactors and other trast microscope] and reduced number and size of cytoplasmic

nuclear facilities are controlled in such a low level, that the y strands were the general effects of irradiation in both the tissues.

radiation exposure from them amounts less than 10 mrem/yr at At 8000 R, coagulation of protoplasmic mass took place. Some

the site boundary. Natural y radiation fluctuates due to the fluctuaof the cultures exposed to 5000 R were green and showed cytomor

tion of radioactivity in air, the sweeping effect by rain, shielding phological features characteristic of non-irradiated cells. [auth]

effect by snow and water content in soil, and other factors. It

would be very difficult to measure y exposure less than a few 27018 MECHANISMS OF INHIBITION OF THE POSTIRRA

mrem/yr from gaseous effluents discriminating from such natural II. Inhibition of Unscheduled DIATION RECOVERY IN CELLS.

background fluctuations even by using high-pressure ionization DNA Synthesis in HeLa Cells After uv-Irradiation By Caffeine

chambers. For monitoring environmental radiations from nuclear and Acriflavine. Zhestyanikov, V. D.; Semenova, E. G.; Volkova,

facilities, discriminating the fluctuating natural radiation, a Z. M. [Inst. of Cytology, Leningrad]. Tsitologiya; 16: No. 7,

Nal[Tl] scintillation exposure rate meter with flat energy response [In Russian]. 868-873[Jul 1974].

is used. This equipment consists of a 2 x 2-inch Nal[TI] scintillaAcriflavine [5 · 10*5 to 5 · 10+? M] and caffeine [1 · 10-2 and

tor and two separate electronic units, one is an exposure rate 2 . 10-3 M] affected the 'H-thymidine incorporation in HeLa

meter having a pulse height weighting circuit for flattening the cells after uv irradiation decreasing the survival of the cells after

energy response and other a single channel pulse height analyzer. uv irradiation and inhibiting uv-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis

and was tested to see the stability for a long-run operation in the in the asynchronous and synchronized [G1-phase] culture. Acrifla

field and to examine discriminating characteristics. Natural radivine inhibited the normal [replicative] DNA synthesis in the HeLa

ation has wide energy spectrum distribution up to 2.62 MeV, and cells after uv light, while caffeine did not affect it. [auth]

changes with time rather uniformly in wide energy range. There

fore, one can measure the environmental radiation from nuclear 27019 MEMBRANE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF RED BLOOD

facilities by detecting total y radiation in full energy range and CELLS FROM X-IRRADIATED RATS AS MEASURED BY PARTI

Water,

natural y radiation in the higher energy channel separately and TION IN TWO-POLYMER AQU'EOUS PHASE SYSTEMS.

taking the differential between them. Results of the test were satisH.; Tung, R.; Krob, E. J.; Swingle, K. F. [Veterans Administra

factory for measuring increases in exposure less than 1 mR/yr of tion Hospital, Long Beach, CA]. Radiat. Res.; 59: No. 3, 614

w radiation from a research reactor under natural fluctuation of 628[Sep 1974].

background and showed a good stability in a long-run operation in Partition of cells in two-polymer aqueous phases can be used

the field. [auth] to detect and trace differences and changes in certain membrane surface properties as a function of in vivo maturation and aging

27022 [IAEA-R-795-F] EFFECT OF IRRADIATION ON THE and in vitro treatments. The countercurrent distribution of rat

MICROECOSYSTEM OF SEWAGE.

Part of a Coordinated Proerythrocytes and bone marrow cells which were x-irradiated

gramme on the Study and Improvement of Biosphere Resources. [1000 rads] give patterns identical to those previously found with

Final Report, 1 April 1970 -31 May 1972. Ramakrishnan, C. V. the corresponding normal cells. Membrane changes associated

[Internaticnal Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna [Austria]]. May with reticulocyte maturation are observed to proceed normally

1973. 5p. INIS. in irradiated rats [1000 rads]. However, 58 Fe injection into a rat

The resources of water are scarce in large parts of the world 30 hr after x-irradiation followed [18 hr later] by countercurrent

which in turn affect agriculture and public health. The use of distribution of peripheral red cells reveals that the youngest reticulocytes are absent from the blood. The label is present

sewage water for irrigation is hindered by its content of pathogens only in the oldest reticulocytes and youngest erythrocytes. Cells

and parasitic organisms endangering the public health safety

. The derived from the bone marrow of in vivo irradiated rats [6 or

common parasitic and pathogenic organisms in the tropics are more hr after irradiation, 1000 rads] contain a large quantity

primarily represented by amoeba, hookworm, and ringworm, as of erythrocytes that have the same surface properties [i.e., par

well as a number of bacteria and viruses. Although chlorination tition] as peripheral erythrocytes. Studies indicate that irradia- is a relatively inexpensive treatment method, it does not destroy tion at the level used has no eifect, measurable by this most

worms and spores efficiently. Moreover, an excess of free rer sensitive means [i.e., partition], on the membrane surface prop

sidual chlorine seems to inhibit the growth

of sewage algae which erties of formed cells. Most readily apparent is the marked

play essential roles in the sewage purification processes in the effect on cell biosynthesis itself. [auth]

oxidation pond. Attempts have been made in this research project

to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of using the 27020 MODIFICATION OF RECOVERY FROM POTEN

microbicidal effects of y irradiation for sewage water processing TIALLY LETHAL X-RAY DAMAGE IN PLATEAU PHASE CHINESE when applied under properly developed conditions. The research HAMSTER CELLS. Evans, R. G.; Bagshaw, M. A.; Gordon, L. F.;

has involved a wide range of studies including the aspects of Kurkjian, S. D.; Hahn, G. M. [Stanford Univ., CA]. Radiat. Res.;

radiation effects on microorganisms, analytical biochemistry, 59: No. 3, 597-605[Sep 1974]. The survival of density inhibited Chinese hamster cells assayed

isolation and identification of the pathogenic organisms content in immediately after 1500 rads [SF,] was compared to that obtained

common domestic sewage and other relevant ecological considersfrom cells held for 6 hr at 37°C in their high density condition

tions of the microflora in irradiated sewage. The studies have [SF]. The ratio of SF6 to SFg, designated the surviving fraction

indicated that y irradiation of sewage with a dose of 0.1 Mrad ratio [SFR] was determined for various post irradiation conditions.

facilitates the settling of suspended organic solids without affecting If the density inhibited cells were overlaid with full medium following irradiation, the SFR was approximately 4 while in Hanks'

eliminate more than 90% of the pathogenic organisms used to BSS the SFR was 15 to 20. The recovery from x-ray damage was inhibited by lowered temperature: the SFRs were 10 and 2 at 25 and 4°C, respectively, compared to 16 at 37°C. This inhibition was

the algae adversely. A dose of 0.05 Mrad y radiation was found 13 inoculate the sterile sewage samples in the experiments reported ation dose of 0.05 Mrad when given in combination with chlorine These studies, subject to further confirmation, indicate that a redshould be able to reduce the pathogenic germ numbers of sewage

Page 10

eva, G. N.; Bolotnikova, F. I. Probl. Gematol. Pereliv. Krovi; 18: 60-63[May 1973]. [In Russian].

A method of radiation sterilization of No. 7b blood preservative in plastic sacs is described which provides sterility of the preservative and stability of the plastic; sterilization occurs without rupture of sacs, which takes the place of thermal methods of sterilization. [auth]

27032 TISSUE REACTION AFTER IMPLANTATION OF CATGUT STERILIZED BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS AND BY IRRADIATION IN PARENCHYMATOUS ORGANS. Helpap, B.; Staib, I.; Seib, U.; Osswald, J.; Hartung, H. Bruns Beitr. Klin. Chir.; 220: No. 3, 323-333[May 1973].

Tissue tolerance to catgut surgical sutures sterilized with ethylene oxide and by irradiation [Co] was studied in the muscles,

liver, and kidney of rats and rabbits. The time after implantation

of catgut was from one day up to 20 days. The results show that catgut is resorbed in the liver and kidney as quickly as in the muscles. The acute-inflammation reaction was stronger in the muscles than in the liver and kidney. The percentage of the cell types in the resorptive granulation tissue [leukocytes, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, histiocytes, and fibroblasts] was similar for all three tissues and for the different catguts. Only plain catgut induced the development of giant cells in the granulation tissue. There were no differences in resorption and tissue reaction of catgut implants after sterilization with ethylene oxide or by irradiation, [auth] 27033 DEGRADATION OF DNA FOLLOWING ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K12 MUTANTS LACKING DNA POLYMERASE I AND EXONUCLEASE V. Strike, P.; Em- merson, P. T. [Newcastle upon Tyne Univ. [UK]. Dept. of Bio- chemistry]. Mol. Gen. Genet.; 130: No. 1, 39-45[ Apr 1974].

5 figs.; 2 tabs.; with refs.

Exonuclease V, the ATP-dependent exonuclease, which is a product of the recB and recС genes, is not responsible for the excessive UV-induced DNA degradation in pol A mutants since cells mutant at both polA and recB retain the ability to degrade their DNA after UV irradiation. It is proposed that the excessive degradation in polA mutants could be due to uncontrolled 5' to 4' exonuclease activity of the amber fragment of DNA polymerase I. An ATP-independent exonuclease, which appears in recB mutants suppressed by sbc A mutations does not restore the ability of recB mutants to diegrade their irradiated DNA. UV induced DNA degradation in E. coli cells made permeable to small molecules requires an ATP dependent, NEM sensitive function which may be an endonuclease that acts early in the repair process. [auth]

and radiation-induced chromosome mutations in Allium fistulosum
L, and Vicia faba L. It is established that at these concentrations a-tocopherol exhibits a significant antimutagenic activity, de- creasing the frequency of chromosome mutations more than by 40 to 50%. No changes resulting from the antimutagenic effect of a-tocopherol were observed in the spectrum of structural mutations of chromosomes. [auth] 27036 CHIMERISM IN GENERATIVE TISSUE OF ARABI- DOPSIS THALIANA PLANTS AFTER X IRRADIATION OF SEEDS.

Grinikh, L. I.; Shevchenko, G. A.; Grigor'eva, G. A.; Draginskaya,

L. Ya. [Inst. of Developmental Biology, Moscow]. Genetika; 10: No. 7, 18-28[July 1974]. [In Russian].

Chimerism of different inflorescences of My plants of Arabi-
dopsis thaliana grown from x-irradiated seeds [50 KR] was inves-
tigated. Using Muller's embryo-test, 32.8% mutants were found.
Further analysis of all inflorescences revealed that all the mutant plants were chimeric. They were divided in two groups: [1] with chimeric, [2] with non-chimeric generative tissue of the main shoot. The average mutated sector size was constant in inflorescences of different orders both in the main and ad- ditional shoots, developed from the axils of rosette leaves, and it comprised 62.0% in the group 1 for the main and 59.0% for additional shoots, and in the group 2 -100.0% for the main and 51.2% for additional shoots, Percent of chimeric inflorescences on the main shoot decreased with the increase of the order of inflorescences and comprised for apical and lateral order 1 and lateral order 2 inflorescences 100.0; 40.0; and 19.6% respectively. Constant sector size and independence of chimeras of lateral inflorescences of the same order from their succession on the

shoot pointed out that no loss of any sector occurred in the course

of the formation of lateral shoot meristem, and the selection of mutated and non-mutated tissues between lateral inflorescence took place. The same mutated sector size in the main and addi- tional shoots [developed from the axils of rosette leaves] for the group 1 plants, the slightly less size of the mutated sector in ad-

ditional shoots for the group 2 plants, and also the fact that a plant

was observed which carried non-segregated mutant pods in which
identity of mutations in the main and three additional shoots was
obvious, enabled to believe that the main and additional shoots in
our experiments originated from generative cells of the same
initial ones and that initial cells divided prior to the formation of the meristem of the main shoot. [auth] 27037 TYPES AND FREQUENCIES OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS INDUCED BY IRRADIATION OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF INTERPHASE IN CREPIS CAPILLARIS. Luchnik,

N. V.; Morozov, K, N.; Ovchinnikova, V. G.; Fesenko, E. V.

[Inst, of Medical Radiology, Obninsk, USSR]. Mutat. Res., 24: No. 3, 293-306[Sep 1974].

Quantitative and qualitative estimates of chromosomal damage in roots of Crepis capillaris were made in metaphase cells at many time intervals after irradiation with 200 or 400 rad of *CO gamma rays. The results have confirmed the general pattern de scribed for cells of other organisms, and have revealed in addition the following new facts. [1] The formation of aberrations of chromosome and chromatid type is not determined by the time of chromosome duplication alone. [2] The relative frequencies of different types of discontinuity form peaks with the following time succession: single gaps, chromatid breaks, isolocus breaks. [3] The location of peaks does not depend on the radiation dose, and shows no correlation with the time

synthesis, [4] Irradiation of G, induces a significant number of chromosome-type exchanges in Crepis. [5] Higher doses of radiation in G, favor the formation of chromatid over chromosome exchanges and of isochromatid breaks over chromosome breaks. A new interpretation of the production of certain types of aberration is discussed. [auth 27038

RADIATION SENSITIVITY AND MUTABILITY OF AN INDUCED MUTATION IN WHEAT. Valodzin, U. G.; Kartel, M.A.

, Lisouskaya, E. I.

[Inst. of Genetics and Cytology, Minsk]. l'ests Akad. Navuk BSSR, Ser. Biyal. Navuk; No. 4, 84-89[1974]. [Belorussian].

For investigating the dependence of radiation reactions on an organism genotype, preliminary studies were made on the radiation sensitivity and mutability of the original strain Erektum 106 and the radiation mutant MB-1 obtained in the laboratory by 4 irradiation [20 KR] of seeds of this strain. The mutant is characterized by the presence of vestigial structures, arising within the and 30 KR were used, and field tests included observation of framework of varietal differences. Radiation doses of 5, 10, 20, titative vestigial structures, and frequency of chromosome abgermination and viability of depression of development of quanerrations in the first mitosis. Mutability was determined by frequency in the M, of seeds with chlorophyll mutations. The results showed an increased sensitivity of the mutant to the action

Radiation Effects on Plants
Refer also to abstracts 27017, 27023, and 27798. 27034 [LAEA-R-435-F] BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO BLOTCH DISEASE [SE PTORIA SPP.] IN WHEAT USING INDUCED MUTATIONS. Part of a Coordinated Programme of Research on Methods of Production and Use of Induced Mutations in Plant Breeding. Final Report, 1 September 1966 -15 December 1970. Favret, E, A.

[International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna [Austria]]. May 1971. 8p, ÎNIS.

In an experiment to induce mutations for resistance against Septoria in wheat, the M, generation was grown under field conditions. However, since natural infection by Septoria was low, selection for resistance was ineffective. Research aiming at development of efficient artificial inoculation methods was continued. Septoria nodorum was cultivated on artificial media to study the influence of nutrients, light and temperature on growth and sporulation, Growth and development were best at 22-24°C and continuous illumination, however strong influences of the nutrient media composition were observed as well. A high nitrogen supply seems to be particularly important. Attempts to transfer resistance against rusts and Septoria from Agropyron trichoforum to bread wheat have reached a promising stage. Lines with resistance to Septoria have been selected, which show however, a considerable amount of chromosomal irregularities. X-ray treatments were made to produce translocations that might lead to cytologically more stable lines with 42 chromosomes, Crosses for resistance to Puccinia graminis tritici and Puccinia recondita have reached the stage of the F2 generation. [INIS] 27035 CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECT OF [x-TOCOPHEROL TO SPONTANEOUS AND RADIATION-INDUCED CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS. Alekperov, V. K.; Akjundova, D. D. [Inst. of Botany, Baku]. Genetika; 10: No. 7, 11-17[Jul 1974]. [In Russian].

The antimutagenic effect of a-tocopherol at concentrations of 1.10-5 to 1.10-1 mcC/ml was studied with respect to spontaneous

Page 11

Using the records of the California Tumor Registry, the appearance of new cancers was studied among women treated with radiation for cancer of the breast. Comparison was made with cases treated with surgery only. Results do not demonstrate any excess new cancers in the radiation treated group that can be attributed to radiation therapy. [auth] 27070 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 448-456] THEORY OF RADIATION RISK BASED ON MICRODOSIME TRY. Caldwell, R. D. [Univ. of Pittsburgh]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Applications of microdosimetry to a theory of radiation risk are discussed. Many recent radiobiological experiments show that the relative biological effect [RBE] between two different radiations increases as the dose decreases. The historically developed quantities of radiation dosimetry, the absorbed dose and the dose equivalent fail to account for this phenomenon. Also, because the absorbed dose is an averaged quantity, it provides no physical basis for other than linear extrapolation of biological data to the small radiation exposures encountered in radiation protection. Microdosimetry suggests that a consistent theory of radiation risk cannot be linear for all radiations. Several models which fit the distributions of microdosimetry to biological data are possible. Because none of them can be linear, it is necessary to process the individual datum of a microdosimetric distribution in order to produce an index of risk. As a demonstration of the feasibility of the procedure, a Rossi -type tissue equivalent proportional counter was interconnected with a PDP-81 computer and exposed to several different types of radiation. The results show that singlevalued indices of radiation risk can be directly measured and, thus, one of the hurdles to the application of microdosimetry to radiation protection appears to be solvable. [auth] 27071 [CONF-730907-Pi, pp 475-480] EXPERIENCE IN USING CLINICAL DATA FOR ESTABLISHING THE MAXIMUM ADMISSIBLE LEVELS OF OCCUPATIONAL IRRADIATION. Gus'kova, A. K.; Denisova, E. A.; L'vovskaya, E. N.; Kirsanova, G. I.; Gribova, I. A. [Inst. of Hygiene and Occupational Disease, Moscow]. Feb 1974. [In Russian].

From 3rd international congress of the international Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Observation of biological indices of radiation in personnel working with high energy accelerators is described. Irradiation doses accumulated during 10 to 15 years totaled 10 to 100 rad. Radiation injuries have not been observed. Clinical dates have proved the correctness of the present established maximum permissible doses of professional irradiation for these groups of workers. [auth]

Stepanov, A. I. [Inst. of Radiation Hygiene, Leningrad]. Feb 1974. [In Russian].

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

A group of 625 men and women subjected to mild doses of occupational radiation exposure [less than 0.3 MPD] for a period over 10 years was tested. Modern methods of physiological reactions and mathematical analyses were applied. No marked functional changes in central nervous and cardiovascular systems were revealed as compared with a control group. [auth] 27074 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 491-494] TRIAL EVALUATION OF THE LONG-TERM SURVEY OF DEATH CAUSES IN THE POPULATION LIVING NEAR RADIATION-RICH HOT SPRING, Maeda, K. [Tokyo Univ.]; Abe, S.; Kurokawa, Y.; Minagawa, Y. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

An attempt was made to distinguish the effect of long-term exposure to very low dose rate ionizing radiation by applying a type of retrospective cohort analysis on the population living adjacent to a hot spring rich in radium and radon emanation. Randomly sampled households were interviewed and available data was obtained on causes of death of the family members over three generation. Death cases collected were tabulated according to sex, and compared with that of a control population sample. No difference could be found between the sample and control populations in this investigation. The detailed explanation of the cohort type analysis which was used in this study, Regional Cohort Analysis, was presented, and the feasibility of its application for the evaluation of the effect of long term and low dose exposure to agents such as ionizing radiation was discussed. [auth] 27075 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 495-500] X-RAY EFFECTS ON THE EMBRYO AND FETUS: A REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS. Rugh, R.; Leach, W. [Bureau of Radiological Health, Rockville, MD]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Concerns for protection of the fetus from possible effects of ionizing radiation can be justified on the basis of results from abundant mammalian experiments which deal with radiation teratogenesis during embryonic and fetal pre-natal development. Experimental results relative to teratogenesis indicate that early stages of development may be more sensitive to radiation than later stages of development. Animal data on radiation teratogenesis thus supports concerns for radiation protection during early pregnancy. Doses of 25 rads to the fetus during organogenesis are associated with teratogenesis. During early embryonic development teratogenesis has been observed after doses of 10 rad or less to the fetus. Some human diagnostic x-ray procedures exist, which deliver doses of radiation associated with teratogenesis, when such doses are administered to fetal animals at appropriate periods of development. [auth] 27076 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 501-505] STUDY OF THE ADRENAL FUNCTION IN SUBJECTS WITH LONG-TERM LOW LEVEL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATIONS, Popscu, I.; Lancrajan, I, [Inst. of Hygiene and Public Health, Bucharest]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

A study of 24 hr urine elimination of 17 -hydroxycorticosteroids [17-OH] by Poster -Silber's method was carried out in 115 men [mean age 40 years] with long-term low level occupational exposure to ionizing radiation [mean duration 11 years]. The exposure during the last 5 years did not exceed the maximum allowed doses. A statistical significant decrease of 17-OH eliminations suggesting a mild adrenal insufficiency was revealed in the exposed subjects as compared with the controls. In 10 subjects whose 17-Oh levels were low, the ACTH Gel test was normal, suggesting that this mild adrenal insufficiency is due to an insufficient pituitary secretion. The determination of 17-OH levels after more than 3 months interruption of exposure in a few subjects showed increased values in all. In subjects in whom the determination of 17-OH elimination

27072 [CONF-730907-Pi, pp 481-484] EARLY HEMATO- LOGICAL DETECTION OF THE EFFECTS OF LOW DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION IN PROFESSIONALLY OR MEDICINALLY EXPOSED PERSONS. Predmerszky, T.; Geszti, O.; Elod, I.; Lovanyi, I. [Frederic Joliot-Curie National Research Inst. for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

For early detection of the effects of exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation in professionally or medically exposed persons, a method called x-ray resistance of the erythrocytes was used. The hemoglobin level

blood plasma was found to be elevated following professional exposure as well as after diagnostic x-ray procedures, therapeutic x-irradi ation, and internally applied therapic doses of radioactive isotopes. This elevation was attributed to increased erythrocyte membrane permeability. This was proved by in vitro irradiation of the blood of persons exposed in vivo to low x-ray doses. The decreased x-ray resistance of erythrocytes was found to be dose-dependent. This method was used to demonstrate the immediate effects of very low doses on the human blood. It may be found valuable in radiation protection,

Page 12

Reports are made, on the one hand, on the first results obtained regarding the action of radon and its elements in an experimental uranium mine at La Crouzille and, on the other hand, on the prospective use of a new portable individual dosimeter proportionate to the exposure of uranium miners to radon éléments. [auth]

27103 [CONF-730907-P2, pp 1017-1021] AS LOW AS PRACTICABLE RADIATION DOSE IN THEORY AND PRACTICE. Whipple, G. H. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The ICRP introduced the phrase "as low as practicable" into the language of radiation protection some years ago. Recently the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission has proposed to elevate “as low as practicable'' to a regulatory standard with numerical limits. This proposal has the effect of reducing the ICRP limit for public exposure by a factor of 100. Such a reduction in an environmental quality standard is probably unique in the field of public health. The justification offered for setting a legal, numerical limit to "as low as practicable" is that if it can be done, it must be done. [auth] 27104 [CONF-730907-P2, pp 1022-1034] RADIATION DANGER TO THE POPULATION DURING OPERATION OF ATOMIC POWER STATIONS IN THE USSR. Gusev, N. G. [Inst. of Biophysics, Moscow]; Belyaev, V. A.; Zykova, A. S.; Marei, A. N.; Kuzhet sova, G. A.; Baranov, M. A.; Gunyakov, G. A. Feb 1974. [In Russian].

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The report considers some problems of radiation safety of a population due to airborn releases from the atomic power station. The basic national standards for radioactive releases [actual or predicted] from a PWR APS are given. The problem of the possible scope of the accident of APS which may cause an environmental emergency radiation dose and the problem of the population doses are discussed. [auth]

lingen a waste treatment facility was built that reduces such haz-
ards to acceptable levels. The main installation is a large com-
bination of steel boxes, well ventilated and held at reduced
pressure. Operations that can be carried out include sorting of
wastes, compression of loose wastes or drums, dismantling or re-

duction to small pieces, solidification of sludges with cement, cast***ing of concrete mantles and covers etc. All direct contacts between

personnel and radioactive material are avoided. Either the men work from outside the box with gloves or remotely operated hy- draulic tools or machines, or they work inside the box with respi- ratory protection or in ventilated plastic suits. An incinerator plant under construction will bring further volume reduction of

burnable waste, even for a activities. Experiences reported show

that radioactive wastes of low or medium specific activity can be treated and packed according to any requirements without hazards for the operating personnel, the surrounding population or the en- vironments of the treatment facility or the storage sites. [auth]

27100 [CONF-730907-P2, pp 846-851] RADIOLOGICAL

SAFETY EXPERIENCE IN HANDLING AND FABRICATION OF PLUTONIUM FUEL ELEMENTS. Janardhanan, S.; Krishnamurthi, T. N.; Soman, S. D. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the Interna- tional Radiation Protection Association.

The problems and experience gained in radiological safety during Puo, fuel fabrication for “Purnima” reactor are discussed in this paper. Safety aspects in design, construction and commissioning of metallurgical facilities and glove boxes, measures for contamina- tion control, air, area, and criticality monitoring instrumentation and their calibration are dealt with. Radiological health data are summarized to reflect the adequacy of precautionary provisions followed in fuel fabrication work. Evolution of the methods for re- lated safety problems like assessing neutron emission from PuQ fuel pins and Pu in solid wastes are outlined. [auth]

27101 [CONF-730907-P2, pp 882-888] EYE EXPOSURE

FROM THORIATED OPTICAL GLASS. McMillan, R. C.; Horne, S.A. [Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Center, Fort Belvoir, VA]. Feb 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the Interna- tional Radiation Protection Association.

During a routine radiation survey of equipment with some opti- cal components the Health Physicist was surprised to find a large reading on an ionization survey instrument. Significant radiation was also observed on a beta-gamma instrument. The source of the radiation was identified as thorium in high quality optical glass.

Thorium is added to the glass, in amounts up to 30% by weight, to

provide improved optical properties. Similar results may be ob-
tained by using other heavy elements. Thorium is carried as an
impurity with some of these elements and the thorium concentra-
tion may be greater than 0.05% by weight. Since the glass is used
in an eyepiece, the amount of exposure to the eye should be investi-
gated. The beta-gamma exposure rate was determined by thermo- luminescent dosimetry [TLD]. The measured exposure rate was 1 mRem/hr averaged for 123 hours exposure at the surface of a lens which contained 18% thorium by weight. A computer model for the emission of alphas from the glass, the absorption in air and the final absorption in surface layers of the eye provides a technique

for examining the amount of exposure at different depths below the

surface of the eye. The results of the model will be compared with
experimental results from alpha spectroscopy. Although the alpha
particles come from only a small surface layer of the glass, the
absorbed dose rate at the surface of the eye may be 50 to 1000
times greater from alpha than from beta-gamma radiation. The size of the lens, and the eye to lens distance determine the number and energy distribution of the alpha particles reaching the eye. To reduce exposure to the eye, thin non-thoriated glass shields were inserted between the lens and the eye. The results of TLD and alpha counting with and without the shielding showed a com- plete removal of the alphas. [auth] [CONF-730907- P2, pp 912-919]

NEW DATA CON-
CERNING THE SAFETY OF MINERS IN URANIUM MINES.
Pradel, J.; Zettwoog, P.: Madelaine, G.; Francois, Y.

[Com-
missariat a l'Energie Atomique, Paris]. Feb 1974. [In French].

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting: Washington, District of Columbia,

In proceedings of the third international congress of the Interna- tional Radiation Protection Association.

27105 [CONF-730907 - P2, pp 1054-1059] INDIVIDUAL RISK, COLLECTIVE DAMAGE, AND NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. Delpla, M. [EDF, Paris]. Feb 1974. [In French].

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The way that leads from an individual risk to the theoretical collective damage in the matter of irradiation by nuclear power plants is specified. People's reactions towards nuclear power plants are considered. The necessity of defining concepts precisely and of giving them denominations that cause no anxiety is stated. [auth] 27106 [CONF-730907 - P2, pp 1072-1077] VADOSCA: A SIMPLE CODE FOR THE EVALUATION OF POPULATION EXPOSURE DUE TO RADIOACTIVE DISCHARGES. Bramati, L.; Marzullo, T.; Rosa, I.; Zara, G. [ENEL, Rome]. Feb. 1974.

From third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The code consists of two parts, one for liquid discharges [VADOSCA-LI] and one for gaseous discharges [VADOSCA-GAS], and it incorporates the transfer parameters of twenty-four radioisotopes in the case of liquid discharges, and of twenty radioisotopes in the case of gaseous discharges. It allows the evaluation of the concentrations of the various isotopes in all the compartments of the critical paths outlined in the ICRP Publication No. 7, and the evaluation of the annual doses for five critical organs [whole body, G. I. tract, thyroid, bones, lung] for the various critical groups of population, on the basis of environmental parameters, such as the time of residence in a certain area, diet, type of activity, hydrological regimen, irrigation methods, and meteorological conditions. Although extremely simple, the code allows rapid performance of all the evaluations required to define the amount of radioactivity that can be released and the associated exposures. [auth]

27107 [CONF-730907-P2, pp 1078-1084] NATIONWIDE EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY TRENDS: NEXT ORGAN DOSE INDEX SYSTEM. Lubenau, J. O. [Northeastern Radiological Health Lab., Winchester, MA]; Hardin, C. M.; Shaver, J. W.; Leggett, I. P. Jr.; Seabron, L. Feb 1974.

Page 13

mission of the European Communities, Brussels [Belgium]; Pisa Univ. [Italy]; Brussels Univ. [Belgium]]. 1971. 18p. [In French].

It was concluded from experiments on white Wistar rats exINIS,

posed to whole-body x-irradiation with the head or adrenal region The activities of the Brussels group, since 1969, have been

screened or to local irradiation at 40, 100, and 700 R with the centered on the study of two types of tissue irradiation targets;

head or adrenal region screened that shifts in glutamic acid blood cell lines and intestinal mucosa. In the area of hemato

metabolism are related to the dose and method of irradiation, poiesis, the action of x-irradiation on the regulation of hemato

[Referativnyi Zh.] poiesis by erythropoietin was studied in the rat. It was shown

27162 RADIOSENSITIVITY OF THE ISOENZYMES TRANSthat the response of the erythropoietin rate to bleeding was much

AMINASES IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF LETHALLY X-IRRAmore sharp in the irradiated animal. The bone blood flow was

DIATED RATS. Pikulev, A. T.; Chernoguzov, V. M. Biostudied in man. It was evaluated at 3% of the total blood flow.

khimiya; No. 1, 80-85 [1973]. [In Russian], The relations between bone blood flow and the erythropoietic ac

The isoenzymes aspartate transaminases in the liver, myotivity were studied. The polynuclear leucocytes were studied

cardium, and brain of white rats x-irradiated at 700 R were found from the viewpoint of their phagocytic activity. For the purpose

to be unequally sensitive to the radiation. The soluble isoenzyme of studying the regulation of this process, an original method

was more sensitive under these conditions. The alanine transfor the determination of cyclic 3',5'-AMP was developed. In

aminases were equally sensitive. [Referativnyi Zh.] order to study the inhibition of leucopoiesis by chloramphenicol

27163 and by irradiation, the study of the protein synthesis in the mito

EFFECT OF BETA IRRADIATION ON THE ACTIVITY chondria was undertaken. The study of the mitotic parameters

OF ALANINE AND ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASES IN THE SUB

CELLULAR FRACTIONS OF THE BRAIN AND MYOCARDIUM. of the intestinal mucosa in man was done by double labelling

Plenin, A. E. Biokhimiya; No, 1, 75-79 [1973]. [In Russian]. measurement of these parameters in mucosa fragments taken

The rate of transamination catalyzed by alanine and aspartate by biopsy. The validity of this method was verified in the dog.

transaminases in the brain and myocardium of white rats changed [tr-auth]

1, 3, 7, 15, and 30 days after beta irradiation at a dose equivalent

to 40 R. The nature and magnitude of the changes in activity of 27159

BASIC STUDIES IN RADIA[ORAU-123, pp 91-143]

alanine and aspartate transaminases are dependent less on the TION, NEOPLASIA, IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES, AND METAB

type of ionizing radiation than on secondary processes in the irraOLISM. 1973.

diated organism. [Referativnyi Zh.] In 1973 research report for year ending December 31, 1973. Results are reported from studies of enzyme reactions in

27164 EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY X IRRADIATION ON volved in the biosynthesis of lipids in neoplastic cells and the

LIPID PEROXIDE FORMATION OF ISOLATED MICROSOMES role of enzyme preparations from lung ademomas in the bio

AND 9000 g SUPERNATANT FRACTION OF RAT LIVER. Lejsek, synthesis of pulmonary surfactants. Marmosets were found to

K.; Kvasnickova, E.; Hais, I. M. [Inst. of Medical Chemistry, develop a disease resembling human idiopathic thrombocytopenic

Hradec Kralove, Czech.]. Sb. Ved. Pr. Lek. Fak. Karlovy Univ. purpura following isoimmunization with leukocyte-platelet prep

Hradci Kralove, Suppl.; 15: No. 5, 491-495[1972]. arations and also to develop spontaneous colon neoplasms which

The results did not show any increase in lipoperoxidation after indicates they may be satisfactory animals for research on these

whole-body irradiation [1000 R] during the determination of rat diseases. [CH]

liver microsomal pethidine demethylation, while a significant

increase in 9000 g supernatant fraction was caused by the irra27160 CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF X-RAYS AND FISSION

diation of the animals. Possible explanations of these results NEUTRONS IN FEMALE MICE. Searle, A. G.; Beechey, C. V.

are discussed. [auth] [Medical Research Council, Harwell, Eng.]. Mutat. Res.; 24: No. 2, 171-186 [Aug 1974].

27165 THERMOSTABILITY OF BLOOD SERUM OF DOGS The induction by x rays of chromosomal damage in oocytes

EXPOSED TO A COMBINED EFFECT OF X IRRAD LATION AND was studied, while the genetic consequences of x- and neutron

REDUCED BAROMETRIC PRESSURE. Vashuk, A. A. Kosm. induced damage in female mice were looked for by testing off

Biol. Aviakosmicheskaya Med.; 8: No. 3, 88-90[1974]. [In Russpring for dominant lethality and semi-sterility. None out of

sian]. 386 sons of hybrid females given 300 rad x rays showed evidence

The blood from 100-, 350-, and 700-R x-irradiated dogs that of semi-sterility or translocation heterozygosity, but 9 out of 294 daughters were diagnosed as semi-sterile. At least three and

were also subjected to low pressure conditions showed a greater

increase in resistance to heat than those only irradiated, The probably four of these [1.4%] carried reciprocal translocations,

effects were most marked in the 100- and 350-R groups on the two of which caused male sterility. Complete or partial loss of the X-chromosome may have been responsible for some of the

third and subsequent days after the irradiation. Clinical signs other semi-steriles. Examination of oocytes at metaphase-I

of radiation sickness were also more evident in the doubly induring the first and third weeks after x irradiation with 100 or

sulted dogs than in those only irradiated. [tr-auth] 400 rad revealed both multivalents [some of the ring quadrivalent type] and fragments [mainly double]. These were thought to arise 27166 FORMATION OF CATARACTS IN MICE AFTER IRmainly from chromatid interchanges [both symmetrical and asym- RADIATION WITH 645 MeV PROTONS AND 60 CO GAMMA-RAYS. metrical] and isochromatid intrachanges respectively. Since

Kabachenko, A, N. Kosm. Biol. Aviakosmicheskaya Med.; 8: neither the proportion of asymmetrical interchanges nor the

No. 5, 31-35[1974]. [In Russian], amount of hidden damage was known it was not thought possible

The cataractogenic effect of 645 MeV protons and RoCo gammato predict the magnitude of F, effects from metaphase-I findings.

rays at doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 rads was studied. The The aberration frequency in oocytes rose with dose and [at the

first changes in the lens of mice were detected 8 to 10 weeks 400 rad level only] with time after irradiation, reaching a max- after irradiation. The time of the latent period was inversely imum of 10% multivalents and 22% fragments in the third week

proportional to the dose of proton and gamma irradiation. The after 400 rad. The frequency of univalents showed no consistent degree and incidence of the cataract development were the functrend, hut chiasma counts decreased in the first week after 400

tion of the dose and the time elapsed after the irradiation. The rad. The increase in levels of chromosomal damage with dose

clinical picture of cataracts induced by 645 MeV proton irraand time after irradiation was reflected in dominant lethal fre

diation was similar to that of lenticular opacities brought about quencies after the same radiation-conception intervals and doses

by other radiations. The relative biological effectiveness of 645 of 0 to 400 rad, Induced post-implantation lethality was over twice MeV protons was equal to unit as judged by the incidence of the as high in the third week after 200 to 400 rad than in the first.

cataracts induced. [auth] Pre-implantation loss also greatly increased in the third week after 300 or 400 rad; this was associated with increased non

27167 fertilization of ova, No evidence for the induction of translocations

EFFECT OF BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE ON THE in oogonia or resting oocytes by fast neutron irradiation was ob

AMOUNT OF ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS IN THE SPLEEN tained, although there was evidence for X-chromosomal loss after

OF IRRADIATED AND NONIRRADIATED MICE. Tumanyan,

M. A.; Izvekova, A. V. 200 rad to oocytes. The relative biological effectiveness [RBE] for fission neutrons vs. X-rays with respect to dominant lethal

Moscow]. Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med.; 78: No. 7, 69-72[Jul 1974]. induction in oocytes was found to vary with dose, but seemed to

[In Russian], be around 1 at lower levels. [auth]

A study was made of the effect of bacterial polysaccharide on

the cells producing antibodies to sheep erythrocytes in the spleen 27161 RADIATION SHIFTS IN GLUTAMIC METABOLISM

of irradiated and nonirradiated mice. Polysaccharide proved to IN THE BRAINS OF WHITE RATS IN RELATION TO THE DOSE

increase the amount of antibody-producing cells both in mice irAND METHOD OF IRRADIATION. Cherkasova, L. S.; Pikulev,

radiated with lethal doses [gamma-rays] and in nonirradiated A. T.; Dis'ko, N. A.; Chernoguzov, V. M.; Yakubovich, L. S.;

mice, nonimmunized and immunized with sheep erythrocytes. Sholukh, M, V. Biokhimiya; No. 1, 37-50[1973]. [In Russian].

This increase was associated with the stimulation of proliferative processes in the organism by the polysaccharide. [auth]

[Inst. of Epidemiology and Microbiology,

Page 14

long-term chimeras. An exception was the tuberculin conversion after Bacille Calmette-Guerin immunization which occurred as early as day 29. As a clinical correlate to these studies on immune function, long-term chimeras regained their health and are able to live in an unprotected environment without increased susceptibility to infections or other diseases. [auth]

27186 INCREASED BRAIN RADIORESISTANCE AFTER SUPRALETHAL IRRADIATION. Chaput, R.L.; Berardo, P.A. [Radiobiology Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20014]. Med. Phys. 1: No. 3, 148-151 [1 May 1974].

Clinical symptoms and performance were evaluated after 15shuttlebox - trained miniature pigs received two 4400- rad doses

separated by time intervals of 10 +- 30 min. The doses were delivered to the head by 45 – MeV electrons from the AFRRI electron linear accelerator [LINAC]. There was no significant difference in neurological

symptons [convulsions, coma, ataxia] or in performance after the second I. dose between animals that received the two doses 10-4 or 0.3 min

apart. As the time interval between doses was increased from 0.3 min, however, neurological symptoms declined and performance improved markedly after the second dose. When the doses were 30 min apart, the pigs showed no decrease in performance within the initial 30-min

postirradiation. It was concluded that more than physiochemical > processes were involved in the increased radioresistance to the second 2 dose of radiation. [auth]

Lotzova, E.; Cudkowicz, G. [State Univ. of New York, Buffalo]. J. Immunol.; 113: No. 3, 798-803[Sep 1974].

An attempt was made to assess the role of macrophages in resistance of irradiated mice to parental-strain and allogeneic bone marrow grafts. 1.25 to 5 mg of silica particles injected i. v. [5 4 average size] are specifically toxic to macrophages and resulted in prompt abrogation or reduction of hybrid and allogeneic resistance. The silica was equally effective when given within 2 days before or after transplantation of bone marrow cells. The effectiveness decreased with increasing intervals, but foreign marrow cells could be rescued from rejection as long as 3 days after grafting. The macrophage stabilizer poly-2-vinylpyridine N-oxide injected subcutaneously [150 mg/kg] 1 day before silica entirely prevented the suppression of hybrid resistance. It was concluded that macrophages, or a subpopulation thereof, could be the effectors of hemopoietic graft rejection by irradiated mice. The immunogenetic specificity of these allograft reactions and the suppressive effects of anti-lymphocyte agents suggest, however, that also lymphoid cells participate in this process. [auth]

27191 EFFECT OF REPEATED DOSES OF X RAYS OR 14 MeV NEUTRONS ON MOUSE BONE MARROW. Hendry, J. H.; Testa, N. G.; Lajtha, L. G. [Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Inst., Manchester, Eng.]. Radiat. Res.; 59: No. 3, 645-652[Sep 1974].

Repeated x-irradiation [4 x 450 rads] of mice produces a decreased rate of bone marrow regeneration to a suboptimal level, compared to that after a single dose of 450 rads. 14 MeV neutrons are more effective in producing this reduced level by a factor of 1.7-1.8. The irradiated host [single 850 rads or 4 x 450 rads x-rays] is responsible for a lower growth rate of colony-forming units. The suboptimal plateau however is a cellular effect, and these are additive during endogenous repopulation. A host effect is not demonstrable in terms of changes in the colony-stimulating activity of the femur shaft in bone marrow cultures. [auth]

MAINTENANCE OF OPTIMUM CYSTEAMINE BLOOD CONCENTRATION BY MEANS OF POLY[VINYL ALCOHOL] 4.I THIXOTROPIC GEL, Pantev, T. Rentgenol. Radiol.; 12: No. 3,

165-170[1973].

An inadequacy of most radioprotectors is their quite short :period of action [30 to 60 minutes], after which their protective

effect sharply falls. With a view to obtaining a radioprotective preparation with a prolonged time of action a poly[vinyl alcohol] gel of cysteamine has been prepared. Its capability of maintaining the needed cysteamine concentration in the blood within a continuous period of time was studied on rats. It was established that the optimum blood concentration of cysteamine is reached about two hours after application of the poly[vinyl alcohol] gel and is maintained in the course of four hours. By combined application of maximum tolerable doses of cysteamine and poly[vinyl alcohol] thixotropic cysteamine gel the concentration of the radioprotector is maintained from the 30th minute to the 6th hour. Whether the respective protective effect will be observed long enough after maintenance of the blood cysteamine concentration is a problem to be established after a radiobiological experiment. [Abstr. Bulg. Sci. Med. Lit.]

27188

MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY 1972. Part II. Experimental Surgery, Transplantation Immunology, Oral Medicine, and Neurophysiology and Experimental Psychology. Third Conference on Experimental Medicine and Surgery in Primates, Lyon, France, June 21-23, 1972. Goldsmith, E. I.; Moor-Jankowski, J. [eds.]. Basel; S. Karger AG [1972]. 366p. [CONF-7206 103-P2]. $37.20.

A separate abstract was prepared for one of the 143 papers included. Other papers discuss experimental surgery, transplantation immunology, oral medicine, neurophysiology, the breeding of laboratory animals, genetics, evolution, reproduction, perinatal studies, infectious diseases, viral oncology, cardiovascular studies, and pharmacology and toxicology. [CH]

For an abstract of an individual paper see: 27189. 27189 BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN RHESUS MONKEYS. Methods to Mitigate the Acute Graft Versus Host Disease. Schaefer, U. W.; Dicke, K. A.; van Bekkum, D. W. [Radiobiological Inst, TNO, Rijswijk, Norway]. pp 142-148 of Medical Primatology 1972. Part II. Goldsmith, E. I. [ed.]. Basel; S. Karger AG [1972].

From third conference on experimental medicine and surgery in primates; Lyon, France [Jun 1972]. See CONF-7206 103-P2.

Lethally irradiated monkeys [macaca mulatto] transplanted with frozen allogenic bone marrow cell grafts showed a recovery of hemopoiesis. Methods are described that were used for the separation of hemopoietic stem cells from immunocompetent lymphocytes in bone marrow samples, in vitro testing of the proliferation capacity of stem cells by a cell culture technique, the preparation of frozen bone marrow cells for storage, and the prior- and post-injection treatment of recipients for the mitigation of graft versus host reactions, [CH]

27192 LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES IN ORGANS OF IRRADIATED RATS. Kocmierska-Grodzka, D.; Gerber, G. B. [Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucleaire, Mol [Belgium]. Dept. de Radiobiologie]. Strahlentherapie; 147: No.3, 271-277[ Mar 1974].

4 tabs.; 33 refs.

Acid phosphatase, B-glucuronidase and cathespin B were assayed in duodenum, lung, ileum, brain, and urine [in the latter, only Bglucuronidase and acid phosphatase] of fed, starved and whole-body irradiated rats [1 and 2 days after 500 and 2,000 R]. An increase in lysosomal activity was found in ileum and duodenum particularly on day 1 and in the high dose range, B-glucuronidase displays the most pronounced increase. In normal brain, only low catheptic activity is found, and changes are small. In lung, an increase in B-glucuronidase is noted one day after 2,000 R. [auth] 27193 ANGIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS OF THE PORTAL LIVER VESSELS OF RABBITS AFTER RADIATION INSULT. Brase, A.; Bockslaff, H.; Emminger, E. [Medizinische Hochschule Hannover [F.R, Germany]. Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover [F.R, Germany]. Abt. fuer Experimentelle Pathologie]. Strahlentherapie; 147: No. 3, 278-289[Mar 1974]. [In German].

22 figs.; 39 refs.

In an animal experiment on New Zealand rabbits railioinduced damages on the vessels of the portal system were found by operative portography. After a short observation period, in the animals characteristic, dose-depending morphological alterations, variations in caliber and vascular stops in the small and medium branches of the portal vein were seen; alterations of the same kind are described by other authors as symptoms of acute and subacute hepatitis in man. After long-term observation during 4 months no symptoms for progression of the pathological vascular changes were found; on the contrary, a partial restoration of the vascular damages was objectivated. The changes in the portogram were completed by histological examinations. [auth] 27194

THE ACTION OF CERTAIN DRUGS ON THE IMMEDIATE CONTRACTILE RESPONSE OF ISOLATED GUINEA-PIG DETRUSOR MUSCLE TO X-IRRADIATION. Michailov, M. C.; Kuemper, H. J.; Welscher, U. E.

[Gesellschaft fuer Strahlenund Umweltforschung m.b.H., Neuherberg/Muenchen [F.R. Germany].

Inst, fuer Biologie; Muenchen Univ. [F.R. Germany]. 2. Frauenklinik]. Strahlentherapie; 147: No. 3, 290-297 [Mar 1974]. 4 fig8.; 23 refs.

The action of different cholinergic [acetylcholine, physostigmine, atropine, etc. [, alpha- and beta-adrenergic [noradrenaline, isoprenaline- propranolol, etc.], ganglion blocking and "neurotropic's [bretylium, tetrodotoxin, hemicholinium, etc.] and other drugs on the immediate contractile response of guinea-pig detrusor muscle

27190

ABROGATION OF RESISTANCE TO BONE MARROW GRAFTS BY SILICA PARTICLES.

Prevention of the Silica Effect by the Macrophage Stabilizer Poly-2-Vinylpyridine-N-Oxide.

to x-irradiation was investigated. The X-ray reaction of the detrusor muscle was concluded to be myogenic and not of neurogenic origin, and the participation of cholinergic and/or adrenergic mechanisms in this reaction seems to be excluded. [auth]

Sankaranarayanan, K. [State Univ. of Leiden]. Mutat. Res.; 24; No. 2, 213-217 [Aug 1974].

Results are given of a search for radioresistance in two irradiated populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The two populations received 2000 R of x rays under anoxia and either nitrogen or oxygen post-treatments in every generation for 64 generations. Radiosensitivity differences in 6 subsequent generations were determined by measuring dominant lethal mutation rates. The results revealed that there was considerable variation among the different populations and within populations tested. It was concluded that the populations do not manifest any systematic and significant differences between them. The result was not entirely unexpected since the mutation required to demonstrate this property is extremely rare. [ERB] 27199 RADIATION-INDUCED DOMINANT LETHALITY IN OOCYTES OF DROSOPHILA HYDEI, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY OF THE IMMATURE STAGES IN CLASS B. Frei, H. [Laboratoire de Genetique Animale et Vegetale, Geneva]. Mutat. Res.; 24: No. 2, 125-134 [Aug 1974].

A brood-pattern analysis of radiation-induced damage in the oocytes of attached-X females of Drosophila hy dei was carried out by the dominant lethal test. The methods used allow a refined description of the differential radiosensitivity of oocytes with respect to the stage succession in the oogenesis of this species. As in D, melanogaster, three levels of sensitivity, corresponding to classes A, B, and C of oocytes, showed up. The differences in sensitivity led to clear-cut steps in the brood pattern of lethal frequencies, whereby class B is distinguished by an intermediate yield of induced damage. Eggs deposited on the first day after irradiation are not in every instance a pure sample of irradiated stage-14 oocytes, but may contain an admixture derived from less sensitive vitellogenic stages. For the previtellogenic stages, belonging to class B, it is proposed that it is the youngest group which exhibits the highest radiosensitivity. This agrees with earlier results from detachment of attached-X chromosomes in D. hydei. The brood patterns of lethal frequencies were not identical, but similar, when a distinction was made between induced early and late embryonic lethality. On certain assumptions, this is interpreted to mean that the stage-dependent differences in sensitivity observed are due to genetic causes, i.e., are correlated with changes in the state of the oocyte nucleus during oogenesis, [auth]

27195 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF IRRADIATED NUCLEI. Klein-Szanto, A. J. P.; Rey, B. L. M. de; Conti, C. J.; Cabrini, R. L. [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Departamento de Radiobiologia]. Strahlentherapie; 147: No. 3, 263-270 [Mar 1974].

10 figs.; 40 refs,

Ultramorphologic nuclear features of irradiated epidermis, cartilage, and BHK cells were studied during the first [1 to 8] days after irradiation following a single dose of 5,000 rad of Xirradiation, until clear necrotic phenomena were noted. The nuclear alterations appeared successively in these tissues, first as reactive changes represented by hypertrophy of nuclei and nucleoli, nuclear inclusions, pseudoinclusions, and lobulation. These changes were followed by involutional alterations, mainly, chromatine clumping, nuclear dissolution, myeloid body formation, and nuclear fragmentation. The ultrastructural findings were similar in the three tissues, althoug the timing of these lesions was not the same. This difference in the sequence of appearance could be related with the diverse radiosensitivity of the tissues, the different cell renewal rates, and with the different oxygen tension of cartilage, BHK and epidermal cells. [auth] 27196 INVESTIGATIONS TO THE PROLIFERATION KINETICS IN THE RAT KIDNEY AFTER X-RAY TREATMENT AND/OR NEPHRECTOMY. P. 1, 3H-Activity Measuring. Eckel, H. [Medizinische Hochschule Hannover [F.R. Germany]. Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie]; Emminger, A. [Medizinische Hochschule Hannover [F.R. Germany]. Abt. fuer Experimentelle Pathologie]. Strahlentherapie; 147: No. 3, 254-257 [Mar 1974]. [In German].

3 figs.; 7 refs,

In 150 female Sprague-Dawley rats the proliferation kinetics of the kidney were examined by ?H-activity measurement during 7 to 70 days, after local radiotherapy and/or nephrectomy. Hereby exact terms of minimum and maximum tissue proliferation were objectivated in the irradiated kidneys. Moreover, it was demonstrated that histological lesions by different radiation doses are answered by regenerative processes, whose degree only varies in dependence on the different intensity of the noxa. [auth] 27197 EXPERIMENTS ON THE RADIOSENSITIZATION OF THE INDUCTION OF TRYPTOPHAN PYRROLASE AND TYROSINE AMINOTRANSFERASE IN THE LIVER OF MICE [5BROMODEOXYURIDINE AND REGENERATING LIVER]. Schweiger, K. H. Freiburg, Ger.; Freiburg Univ. [1973]. 92p. [In German]. INIS.

Thesis. 25 figs.; 81 refs. With abstract. Available from the Freiburg Univ. library.

Female mice aged about 8 weeks were partially hepatectomized and exposed to whole-body irradiation with x rays. At certain times after hepatectomy and prior to killing, the animals were injected with 280 wCi/kg of ?H-thymidine, ?H-deoxyadeonosine, 3H-BUdR, and ?H-IUDR. The remaining liver was removed after decapitation of the mice for determining the content of DNA and RNA, the incorporation of H-labelled nucleotides, the enzyme activities, the H-labelled pyridine metabolites and the content of proteins. DNA synthesis in the regenerating liver started 24 h p.o. and reached its maximum between 48 and 63 h p.o. It was not inhibited by BUDR, Udr, or FUHR. Simultaneous injection of deoxyadenosine and BUDR or FUHR was found to result in an enhancement of the incorporation of deoxyadenosine by 30% and 100%, respectively. Incorporation of BUdR into the DNA was linear up to 60 min p.i. but is rapidly decomposed in the mammalian organism. A combination of BUdR with 5-FU and 5-FUR produced no increase in BUdR incorporation into the DNA, The activities of the two enzymes were not essentially enhanced but could always be induced at a maximum. The induction process of the tryptophan pyrrolase showed constant, relatively high radiosensitivity, whereas the induction of the soluble cytoplasma fraction of the tyrosine aminotransferase was less sensitive and could only be affected by higher radiation doses. The mitochondria fraction was most sensitive at the end of the first regeneration cycle. It could not be established with certainty whether the incorporation of BUdR enhanced the radiosensibility of the induction process. The induction of the tryptophan pyrrolase was clearly sensitized. [GE]

27200 NATURE AND TIME OF OCCURRENCE OF RADIATION-INDUCED NONDISJUNCTION OF THE ACROCENTRIC X AND FOURTH CHROMOSOMES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER FEMALES. Parker, D, R.

[Univ. of California, Riverside]; Williamson, J. H.; Gavin, J.

Mutat, Res.; 24: No. 2, 135-148 [Aug 1974].

Radiation-induced nondisjunction in Drosophila melanogaster females usually - possibly invariably - involves the participation of chromosomes other than the pair in which the numerical aberration is noted, with one of the two acrocentric pairs frequently being involved in the assortative error of the other. Nearly one-half of all diplo-X eggs produced following the irradiation of immature oocytes of females having free X's are found to be nullo-4, and, in agreement with earlier reports, about one fourth of all nullo-X eggs are diplo-4. The incidence of structural alterations is markedly higher in chromosomes involved in nondisjunctions than in those recovered from normal segregations, with the structural changes being those expected from interchange between X and fourth chromosomes where only one of the two interchange products [a "half-translocation"] is recovered. chromosomes may acquire an arm of chromosome 4, and fourth chromosomes may lose the marker from the left arm, as if the short, heterochromatic right arm of the X had been substituted. Homozygosis of markers near the centromere of the X chromosome shows that nearly all failures of segregation must occur at division 1. While the data do not require that there be some division II nondisjunction, neither do they categorically deny the possibility of its occurring at a very low level. The findings are as expected on the model of heterologous conjunction via chromatid interchange as the major and perhaps exclusive cause of radiation-induced nondisjunction. [auth]

ERTSONIAN TRANSLOCATION IN DROSOPHILA. Parker, D. R.

RADIATION-INDUCED NONDISJUNCTION AND ROB[State Univ. of Leiden]. Mutat. Res.; 24: No. 2, 149-162 [Aug Robertsonian translocations were induced in an immature stage

In Drosophila melanogaster, gametes formed by oocytes in which than 20% of the gametes bearing newly induced Robertsonian usually show chromosomal imbalance. It is estimated that fewer translocations "fusing" X and fourth chromosomes are of bal. anced constitution. In contrast, when the two acrocentric pairs,

27198 SEARCH FOR RADIO RESISTANCE IN EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA WITH RADIATION HISTORIES.

X and fourth chromosomes, are replaced by an X-4 Robertsonian translocation, treatment of immature oocytes of homozygotes produces some 5 to 6-fold fewer sex-chromosome trisomics than do females of normal karyotype. In the place of such trisomics [having separate sex chromosomes], there is a much smaller number of compound-X chromosomes formed and a number of compound-fourth chromosomes as well. However, the production of “XO" males is not appreciably smaller in the translocation homozygotes. A number of possible mechanisms to account for this are suggested. The findings are consistent with the expectations of the hypothesis that radiation-induced nondisjunction results from improper conjunctions of heterologues, brought about by chromatid interchange. [auth] 27202 EFFECTS OF STRUCTURAL HETEROZYGOSITY ON THE RECOVERY OF AUTOSOMAL [II-III] TRANSLOCATIONS FROM X-IRRADIATED MATURE AND IMMATURE OOCYTES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Sankaranarayanan, K. [Leiden State Univ.]. Mutat. Res.; 24; No. 3, 389-393 [Sep 1974].

A study was conducted to determine whether irradiation of females heterozygous for multiply-inverted second and third chromosomes would result in a response different from that obtained with structurally normal females. The results suggest that in stage 7 [immature] oocytes there may be a difference whereas stage 14 [mature] oocytes this is not the case. The low absolute frequency of translocations recovered from stage 7 oocytes is consistent with the model of directed disjunction and the thesis that the rarity of recovery of reciprocal translocations is primarily a consequence of segregation and not due to lack of induction. [ERB]

A dose of 5 Krad induced about 99.5% dominant lethality among the sperm of testes when flies were treated as late pupae and about 91.9 to 96.7% lethality when males were treated as 3-dayold adults with 5 and 10 Krad, respectively. [Diss. Abstr. Int., B] 27205 REPRODUCTION OF OOENCYRTUS KUWANAE HOWARD IN THE KILLED GYPSY MOTH EGGS WITH RADIATION. Bjegovic, P. [Institut za Zastitu Bilja, Belgrade]. Zast. Bilja; 23: 117-118[1972].

The egg parasite Ooency rtus kuwanae How. can be reared all around the year in the killed Gypsy moth eggs with radiation. The eggs have to be stored at about -5°C where they stay until exposure to the radiation and parasitation. The doses of 40, 50, 60, and 70 krad were sufficient to kill the Gypsy moth eggs. [Bull Sci. Sec. A]

27206 TWO RELEASES OF STERILE GYPSY MOTH MALES [LYMANTRIA DISPAR. L.] IN THE PARK OF JELSA ON THE ISLAND OF HVAR. Maksimovic, M. Zast. Bilja; 23: 117-118 [1972].

Releasing irradiated gypsy moth males led to a diminution of healthy eggs and caterpillars. The first generation did not demonstrate this very much, but each following generation showed this to an ever greater extent. It will be necessary to proceed with this irradiation method and with further research work. [Bull. Sci. Sect. A]

Radionuclide Effects [Internal Source]

27203 X-RAY INDUCTION OF DOMINANT LETHALS IN LATE SPERMATIDS AND MATURE SPERMATOZOA OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: THE ROLE OF OXYGENATION. Sankaranarayanan, K. [State iv., Leiden]. Mutat. Res.; 24: No. 3, 307316[Sep 1974].

The role of oxygenation in determining the sensitivity to the induction of dominant lethals was examined in late spermatids and mature spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster. 0 to 2-h-old or 7-day-old Oregon-K males were irradiated with different x-ray exposures in nitrogen, air, or in oxygen and the frequencies of dominant lethals induced in the se stages were studied. The results obtained confirm and extend Sobels' earlier observations and the interpretation derived therefrom namely, that under normal conditions in air, mature spermatozoa are characterized by a higher degree of oxygenation than late spermatids and this difference is sufficient to explain the differential response of these stages. Similar Oxygen-Enhancement-Ratios [OERs] [of about 2] were obtained for both the cell stages. The present data also revealed that late spermatids are significantly less sensitive than mature spermatozoa to the x-ray-induction of dominant lethals in a nitrogen atmosphere. A plausible mechanism is suggested to explain this observation. [auth]

27207 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 469-474] RECENT TRENDS TOWARDS THE DOSE HAZARD: REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT RADIONUC LIDE GROUPINGS. Failla, L. [Italian Unification Organization, Rome]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Dose hazards using radionuclides groupings are considered, with a view to the importance of including the nuclide utilization modes in their classification. The problem of giving quantitative values to parameters for the evaluation of dosage risk is analyzed, changing from the concept of curies to the concept of rems, giving IAEA regulations for transportation of radioactive materials as an example. Value of the reference dose is examined, mentioning the priority meter used in Italy in surveillance activities on instruments containing isotopes. [auth]

Man
Refer also to abstracts 26782, 26793, 26797, 26801, 26803, 26804,

27057-27061, 27070, 27072, 27126, 27148, and 28578-28580,

27204 SOME BIOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GAMMA RADIATION ON THE GONADS OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY, DACUS DORSALIS HENDEL. Manoto, E. C. Honolulu, HI; Univ. of Hawaii [1973]. 138p. University Microfilms Order No. 74-17,213.

Thesis [Ph. D.].

The feasibility of utilizing radiation sterilization for the control of the Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, was the general consideration of this study. It included a comparison of radiation effects on flies when treated as 8-day-old pupae or as 3-day-old adults. Treatment with 5 or 10 Krad of gamma radiation resulted in an atrophied condition of both testes and ovaries when treated as either pupa or adult. In the testes, such condition was induced by the death of the stem cells, the spermatogonia, and by the degene ration of pycnotic spermatocytes and spermatids and an eventual resorption of testicular contents. Similarly, necrosis of oogonial cells was evident in the ovaries. The radiosensitivity of the male.germ cells was dependent upon the stage of cell division. There was no recovery in both spermatogenesis and oogenesis even at 44 days after treatment of

either pupae or adults irradiated with 5 or 10 Krad. This result « indicated that sterility in both males and females was permanent.

Radiation reduced the amount of sperm transferred by 15-dayold male treated with 10 Krad during the pupal stage. This was possibly a consequence of death of spermatogonial cells resulting in aspermia. However, males irradiated during the adult stage and those irradiated with 5 Krad at either stage were able to transfer sperm longer than those treated with 10 Krad during pupal stage. Studies evaluating mating performance of male flies indicated that both treated and non-treated males in a 3 : 1 ratio, except those treated with 10 Krad in the pupal stage, competed with equal success with normal females. Irradiation hamad fertility of eggs laid by females mated with treated males.

27208 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 439-447] RADIOSENSITIVITY AND DOSIMETRY OF THE TISSUES OF BONE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SETTING MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LEVELS OF BETA EMITTERS. Spiers, F. W. [Univ. of Leeds, Eng.]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association,

Calculations are made of the risk to bone from incorporated B emitters, based on calculations of absorbed rates to bone marrow and endosteal tissues for a body burden of 1 4Ci. The risk of leukemia is based on human data and that of osteosarcoma and other bone tumors on a comparison of the incidence of these malignancies with the leukemia incidence in animals continuously irradiated by B particles from ingested 90Sr. Maximum permissible body burdens are then derived by a comparison of these risk values with a total risk estimated to correspond with an annual dose of 5 rad to the whole body. [auth]

27209

[CONF-730907-PI, pp 610-618] STATISTICAL APPROACH IN DEVELOPING MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR EVALUATING INTERNAL IRRADIATION. Bad’in, V. I.; Andronov, S. A.; Ermilov, A. P.; Khrushch, V. T.; Margulis, U. Ya. [Inst, of Biophysics, Moscow]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

In order to estimate the accumulation of radioactive substances within the body of personnel from data on air contamination it is

necessary to know aerosol characteristics averaged over human locations during the working shift, with due account for the efficiency of individual protective means. But the necessary qualitative and quantitative data are usually lost when stationary samplers are used. Data are presented on the statistical distribution functions of the radionuclide concentration ratio at the sampling point and the concentration at the respiration zone, protective efficiency of individual protective means, and elimination of the radionuclide from the body. An estimate of the errors for determining an inhalation intake of radioactivity into the body is included. Various techniques for controlling internal radiation exposure are discussed. [CH] 27210 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 625-630] ESTIMATES OF DOSE RATE TO GONADS OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN FROM A PHOTON EMITTER IN VARIOUS ORGANS OF THE BODY. Snyder, W. S. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radaition Protection Association.

Estimates of dose rates to gonads of infants and children from newborn to 15 years of age from sources of a photon emitter distributed uniformly in various organs of the body are presented. The results are obtained by application of the reciprocity theorem to the Monte Carlo estimates of dose rate from gonads to large organs. Results for photon energies of 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 MeV are reported. The basic phantoms used were essentially modifications of a heterogeneous adult phantom. The modifications include specification of regions where active bone marrow is deposited in the adult, addition of clavicles and scapulae to the skeleton, rounding of the top of the head, separate legs for the phantom, and relocation of the testes. [CH] 27211 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 643-647] TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING THYROID DOSES FROM THE INTAKE OF IODINE129. Oscarson, E. E. [Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Recent concern for the environmental buildup of long-lived radionuclides has suggested that dose estimation techniques should be developed for such nuclides. Iodine-129 is a long-lived radionuclide which has recently been found in low concentrations in milk in the environs around a nuclear fuel reprocessing facility. Thus, there was a need to develop a method for estimating the public health impact, in terms of thyroid dose, resulting from the consumption of this milk. In developing the technique various approaches were considered including specific activity and dietary modeling. It was concluded the most acceptable approach was that using standard man information. The method developed indicates that for the same level of intake, thyroid dose would be only slightly higher from iodine-129 as compared to iodine-131. [auth] 27212 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 713-718] BIOMEDICAL FOLLOW-UP OF THE MANHATTAN PROJECT PLUTONIUM WORKERS. Hampelmann, L. H. [Univ. of Rochester, NY]; Langham, W. H.; Voelz, G. L.; Richmond, C. R. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Results are reported from long-term studies performed on 25 men who were exposed to plutonium during World War II at what is now the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Almost all of the subjects had body burdens of plutonium ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 ug or 6 to 80 nCi of relatively pure 239 Pu as estimated from the urine assay method for plutonium used at Lo Alamos prior to 1950. The war-time exposure conditions are reconstructed. Estimates of body and lung burdens, based primarily on urine assay, during the 20-yr period [1953 to 1972] are presented. Results of medical studies that have continued during these years are reported. [CH] 27213 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 736-742] TOXICOLOGY OF TRANSPORTABLE URANIUM: A CRITICAL CONTRIBUTION TO HEALTH PROTECTION OF WORKERS. Breuer, F.; Righi, E. [CNEN, Rome]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The chemical toxicity of uranium has a remarkable importance in the evaluation of the risk of internal contamination due to transportable compounds of such element. The risk becomes most relevant when one has to deal with natural uranium or long-lived uranium isotopes [2350 and 238U]. The maximum permissible concentrations recommended by ICRP and the other limit values proposed are based on the results of experiments that, though complete and valid in their general outline, are affected by the limited technical possibilities available when effected. Since now the possibilities of detecting and evidencing renal lesions are remarkably increased, it could be useful to review the problem of the chemical toxicity of uranium both on the basis of the advanced techniques available and on the experience gained in the field of health protection in nuclear environments. Modern techniques allow a relatively easy detection of even slight modifications and of their characteristics, at the same time they permit the carrying out of analysis of very small biological samples. [auth] 27214 [CONF-730907-P2, pp 1163-1168] DOSIMETRY OF INTERNAL EMITTERS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND RADIATION PROTECTION. Nagaratnam, A.; Reddy, A. R. [Inst. of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The inadequacy of conventional dosimetry at the organ level assuming a uniform activity distribution has been brought out in specific examples, In each case dosimetry at different anatomical levels is presented bringing out the probable understanding and lacuna in the radiobiological consequences of such dosimetry. Bone dos imetry of alpha and beta emitters is presented. Dose to whole kidney and differential doses to medulla and cortex from 203Hg-neohydrin are described. The mean dose to lung from 1311-MAA, the mean local dose to capillary bed and to capillary epithelium adjacent to an MAA particle are reviewed. The importance of Auger electron emission and the consequent transmutational effects is discussed with the examples of 125 in thyroid, 1251-UdR in proliferating cells, 55 Fe in erythrocytes. High doses to limited portions of fingers while handling 113mın and 99 mTc labelled pharmaceuticals are presented. [auth] 27215 [CONF-730907-P2, pp 1169-1174] CONTAMINATION OF AIR AND SURROUNDINGS BY PATIENTS TREATED WITH LARGE QUANTITIES OF IODINE-131 FOR THYROID CARCINOMA. Marshall, C. H.; Chandra, R.; Blum, M. [New York Univ., NY]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

On six occasions patients were treated with radioiodine for thyroid carcinoma and were isolated. The administered doses were in the range of 100 to 200 m Ci of 1311. All items from the room were collected, to determine the typical contamination deposited during the therapy. Continuous air monitoring was also performed. The total contamination collected on such items as bedding, towels and eating utensils was typically of the order of 1 mCi. Contamination of these items varied erratically during the first three days of therapy. Abnormally high levels of coor tamination were associated with certain medical disorders. Air burdens were in the range of 10 to 200 pci per litre during the first day and usually declined progressively during the course of therapy. [auth] 27216

ETRY OF INTERNALLY ADMINISTERED RADIOPHARMACELTI

[CONF-730907-P2, pp 1175-1179] COMPREHENSITE APPROACH FOR THE EVALUATION OF COMPARATIVE DOSINICALS. Hosain, P.; Hosain, F. [Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation USA [9 Sep 1973]. Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia,

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Recent innovations both in instrumentation and radiopharmaceuticals are helping nuclear medicine to develop as a discipline in medical practice primarily for diagnosis with an emphasis on scanning. Radiation safety of a radiopharmaceutical is based on the assessment of the radiation exposure to the critical organ from a tracer dose. It is also important to consider relative tracer doses necessary for an optimal result for selecting one of the several radiopharmaceuticals available for a similar investigation. A comprehensive formulation of an index has been attempted for the relative dosimetry integrating mainly [i] con

ventional method of dose calculation, [ii] physical properties of radionuclide, [iii] available nuclear instrumentation, [iv] metabolic fate of radiopharmaceutical, and [v] gross considerations for radiosensitivity of organs and dose rate. This approach has been illustrated considering the situation of brain scanning using Hg197 of chlormerodrin, Tc-99m pertechnetate, Tc-99m DTPA, short-lived In-113m DTPA and long-lived Yb-169 DTPA. [auth]

A mixture of 90$r and DDT was administered orally to rats daily for periods up to 330 days. Analysis of results showed that quantitative data are insufficient for evaluation of biological effects, especially in those cases where integral findings and possible effects are criteria. Accordingly, to elicit difference between the effects cf the components of the binary mixture on the rate of weight increase, duration of life, and induction of tumors was attempted. The quantitative evaluation of the results with due regard for qualitative effects and time of their appearance led to the conclusion that the ''Sr biological action was increased by the chemical [DDT] during their combined long-term administration to the organism. [auth]

27217 [CONF-730907 - P2, pp 1203-1207] RADIOACTIVE AEROSOLS AS A FACTOR IN INTERNAL IRRADIATION WHEN USING RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES. Bad'in, V. I.; Batova, E. G.; Parkhomenko, G. M. [Inst. of Biophysics, Moscow]. Feb 1974. [In Russian].

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

In this report we consider the problem of determining the probable accumulation of the isotopes in the organism. These questions are solved on the basis of values of mean air contamination. The experimental results were applied to the regulation of the air contamination. Authors have proposed to use the term the standard work conditions in radiation protection practice. These conditions are characterized by the hygienical safety factor equal to 5, which should be included in the values of regulated MPC. [auth]

27222 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 141-146] EFFECT OF INCORPORATED RADIONUCLIDES ON IMMUNITY. Nevstrueva, M. A.; Kolotvin, V. A.; Livshits, R. E.; Shubik, V. M. [Inst. of Radiation Hygiene, Leningrad]. Feb 1974. [In Russian].

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Data are reported from a study on immunologic reactions including nonspecific and specific immunity, and allergic and autoallergic reactivity following a single and chronic administration of radioisotopes [Sr-90, 1-131, Cs-137, Ce-144, Ra-226, Pu-239] to rats and rabbits. The differences of some radioisotopes and total irradiation effect on immunity are discussed. The dependence of immunological action upon biophysical properties of radioisotopes is postulated. [auth]

27218 INHALATION HAZARD TO WORKERS ENGAGED IN THE DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS CONTAMINATED WITH RADIOACTIVITY. Duggan, M. J.; James, A. C.; Allen, S. G. [National Radiological Protection Board, Harwell, Eng.]. Ann. Occup. Hyg.; 17: No. 1, 15-22 [Aug 1974].

Workers engaged in the demolition of buildings contaminated with radioactive materials may be at risk from the inhalation of radioactive dusts. The assessment of this risk during the demolition of two factories, formerly used [a] for the radium luminising of instrument dials, and [b] for processing monazite in the extraction of thorium and various rare earths, is described. Concrete floors contaminated in depth were broken up by pneumatic hammers and the measured specific activities of the resulting radioactive aerosols were related to the total contaminations. The results indicate that the radiation hazards associated with the demolition of contaminated buildings must be assessed before the work is undertaken, and dust suppression procedures employed where necessary. [UK] 27219 RADIATION HAZARDS IN APPLYING PROMETHIUM CONTAINING LUMINOUS PAINT TO CLOCK-FACES. Spittel, K. [Landesinstitut fuer Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Karlsruhe [F. R. Germany]. Abt. Immissions- und Strahlenschutz]. Arbeitsschutz [Cologne]; No. 1, 10-13[Jan 1974]. [In German].

6 figs.

Contrary to many other countries, promethium-activated luminous paints are still used in the German Federal Republic. With regard to better detection and control, the author proposes that tritium be used instead. Besides, promethium tests with animals and a routine analysis of urine samples from the personnel of luminous paint industry are demanded. [GE] 27220

THREE CASES OF THOROTRAST LATE DAMAGE. Truebestein, G. K.; Citoler, P. [Bonn Univ. [F.R, Germany]. Medizinische Poliklinik; Bonn Univ. [F.R. Germany]. Pathologisches Inst.]. Med. Klin. [Munich]; 68: No. 44, 1442-1447 [1973]. [In German]. 5 figs.; 1 tab.; 30 refs.

Three patients suffering from angioblastic sarcoma of the liver, from Thorotrast-induced malignant tumor, and from chronic myeloid leukemia 23 to 36 years after undergoing a Thorotrast angiography are considered. Based on the literature, the development of these late injuries especialiy leukemia, is discussed, [auth]

27223 [CONF-730907-Pi, pp 159-166] CHANGE IN MEAN LIFETIME OF RATS IN DEPENDENCE ON FREQUENCY OF DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOSARCOMAS INDUCED BY STRONTIUM90. Shvedov, V. L. [Inst. of Biophysics, Moscow]. Feb 1974, [In Russian].

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Experiments were carried out on white rats at the age 3.5 to 4 months at the beginning of the experiment. The animals were divided into ten groups of 100 rats each. The animals of nine experimental groups received 90Sr orally every day for the entire duration of their life, the dose being 0.00005; 0.0005; 0.005; 0.05; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 or 5.0 uCi daily per animal. The minimal 9Sr daily intake which evoked the development of osteosarcoma was 0.5 MCi daily. The dose rate to the critical organ was not more than 25 rads daily, the absorbed dose being 5,000 rads. It was concluded that osteosarcomas were not the main cause of the average lifespan decrease of the population. [auth]

27224 [CONF-730907-Pi, pp 167-171] REMOTE AFTER EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DAMAGE BY TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS. Moskalev, Yu. I.; Rudnitskaya, E. I.; Buldakov, L. A.; Nifatov, A. P.; Filippova, L. G. [Inst. of Biophysics, Moscow]. Feb 1974. [In Russian].

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

The development of malignant and neomalignant neoplasms after the intake of various compounds of 239Pu, 241 Am, and 237Np was studied in dogs and rats. Dogs and rats after the intake of transuranium elements developed osteosarcomas, leukoses, tumors of lungs, liver, kidneys and other organs, sclerotic processes [contracted liver, nephrosclerosis, pneumosclerosis] at the sites of deposition or transition of the isotope and septical processes of various localization. After the intake of 23% Pu the minimum carcinogenic dose was within

rad and after 241 Am it was 17 rad. The maximum frequency of osteosarcoma development after the intake of 241 Am was 33% in rats and 100% in dogs. With the decrease of dose accumulated in the bone tissue the relative osteosarcomagenic efficiency was increased in dogs as compared to rats from 3 to 30 times. When the doses were close to minimum effective ones the osteosarcomagenic activity of 239 Pu was five-fold that of 241 Am. The development of leukosis after the intake of transuranium elements was more frequent and occurred at earlier periods relative to control animals. The maximum yield of kidney tumors [2 to 4.5%] was observed with 241 Am when the doses used were within 35 to 200 rad. After the inhalation of soluble compounds of 241 Am the frequency of pneumosclerosis and lung tumor development was lower as compared to 299Pu. The routes of 241 Am and 239 Pu intake into the body did not affect the values of carcinogenic doses for the particular tissue. The minimum osteosarcomagenic leukemo

Animals
Refer also to abstracts 27074, 27153, 27155, and 27156.

27221

[CONF-730907-P1, pp 136-140] POTENTIATION OF STRONTIUM-90 BIOLOGICAL ACTION ON AN ORGANISM BY AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS. Mukhin, I. E.; Borovikova, N. M.; Nagovitsina, L. I. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting: Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Page 15

NUCLEAR SCIENCE ABSTRACTS

genic dose for nitrate of 237Np after intravenous injection was below 0,1 Ci/kg. [auth]

Significant difference in the microscopic dose distribution due to 1251 and 1311 in the thyroid gland is reported. Its radiobiological significance is studied using varying doses of these two radionuclides in one-month-old rats. The total body weight increase, thyroidal retentivity of radioiodine, 24 hour uptake and the thyroid weight at the end of the treatment are measured in both the treated and control groups. Thyroid weight is taken as an index of thyroid cell population and any reduction in its increase with age compared that in controls [which is taken as 100% cell survival] is considered as due to the impairment of proliferative capacity of the thyroid cells. Average gland doses due to 125I and 1311 for 50% cell survival are 40500 and 18500 rad respectively. The 24 hour uptake is significantly reduced in 71 “Ci 1311 treated rats whereas in all other treated ones there is no change compared to controls. Body weight increase is impaired in both the treatments, more so with 1251. These differences are explained in terms of differences in dose distributions across a thyroid follicle due to 1251 and 1311. [auth] 27229 EFFECTS OF 90 Sr AND 137CS ADMINISTERED CONTINUOUSLY UPON MICE. VIII. Abnormality of Reproductive Function. Nishio, K. [Radiation Center of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Japan]. Annu. Rep. Radiat, Center Osaka Prefect.; 12: 111-112 [Mar 1972].

Reproduction of mice administered continuously with "Sr and 137Cs through drinking water was observed regarding litter size and reproduction-span in particular [period between 1st and last birth]. Propagation of NA-2 strain of mice was done by brotherand-sister mating in the same cage during the whole life. The concentration of the isotopes in water was composed of three levels. The high level was 0.1 uCi of 90Sr and 0.4 uCi of 19Cs per ml, the intermediate level was 1/10, and the low level was 1/100 respectively. In the low group, total litter size decreased slightly and the reproduction span was lengthened. Intermediateand high-groups showed decrease of total litter size and shortening of reproduction span except for a partial increase of litter size in first birth in intermediate group. [auth]

27225 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 196-200] STRUCTURAL ABER- RATIONS IN BONE MARROW CELLS AFTER TRITIATED WATER ADMINISTRATION IN RATS. Andreuta, I.; Racoveanu, N. T. [Inst. of Hygiene and Public Health, Bucharest]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Aberrations of chromosomes in bone marrow cells were used as a biological test of HTO irradiation. Three groups of nine rats were used: two groups received a single intraperitoneal dose of 75 and 100 uCi/g HTO; one group received daily 30 uCi/g HTO for 18 days and 5 animals receiving saline solution served as controls. The structural aberrations were of chromatid [gaps and breaks] and chromosomal type [acentric fragments and translocations]. A relationship between calculated bone marrow dose and chromosome aberration incidence was established. [auth] 27226 [CONF-730907-Pi, pp 201-207] MODIFICATION OF SOME BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS INDUCED BY SINGLE AND REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF TRITIATED WATER. Stanculescu, V.; Ciubotaru-Bordeianu, A. [Inst. of Hygiene and Public Health, Bucharest]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Experiments were performed on white rats exposed to the action of tritium from tritiated water [HTO] by single [ip] and repeated [oral] administration. The results showed that in the lots that received HTO, as compared to the controls, there was a lower percentage of iron incorporation in the red blood cells, and an early accumulation of 59Fe was noticed in bone marrow; however longer biological half time [Tb] indicate a prolonged retention of iron, which was also found in the spleen. The relative spleen weight was noticeably reduced in the animals that received larger quantities of HTO. The unsaturated iron binding capacity [UIBC] evinced a decreasing tendency, which shows that, after exposure to HTO, the degree of iron saturation of transferrin is higher. Comparison with the extent to which the same indicators are modified after wholebody x-ray exposure suggested that exposure to HTO causes a lesser effect than expected for the calculated dose. [auth] 27227 [CONF-730907-P1, pp 208-213] COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF INHALED BETA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES IN BEAGLE DOGS. McClellan, R. O.; Boecker, B. B.; Hahn, F. F.; Hobbs, C. H.; Jones, R. K.; Snipes, M. B. [Lovelace Foundation for Medical Eduaction and Research, Albuquerque, NM]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Four lifespan studies are being conducted in which beagle dogs are exposed via inhalation to aerosols of fused clay particles containing 9oy, 91Y, 144Ce, or 90Sr resulting in graded initial lung burdens of radioactivity. With all four aerosols, the labeled particles are tenaciously retained in the lung with effective retention halftimes of 2.6, 53, 178, and 400 days, respectively. With the 91Y, 144Ce, and ''Sr in fused clay, the physical half-life is sufficiently long to allow translocation of small quantities of radioactivity, presumably in particulate form, to tracheobronchial lymph nodes and movement of solubilized 917 and 144Ce to liver and skeleton and 9'Sr to skeleton. With the highest initial lung burdens, deaths related to radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis were observed in all four studies within 400 days post-inhalation exposure. The radiation dose required to produce early deaths was lowest for 90Y and highest for 144Ce and ''Sr being related to the lung retention half-times [and rate of decrease of radiation dose rate]. Later deaths [>640 days] related to primary pulmonary hemangiosarcomas were observed in dogs that inhaled 144Ce or 90Sr in fused clay with cumulative lung doses >20,000 rads. [auth] 27228 [CONF-730907-P2, pp 1156-1162] RADIOBIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF 1251 MICRODOSIMETRY. Reddy, A, R.; Nagpal, K. K. [Inst. of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

27230 COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL, SURGICAL, AND RADIOTHYROIDECTOMY IN SPOTTED MUNIA, LONCHURA PUNCTULATA. Chandola, A.; Thapliyal, J. P. [Banaras Hindu Univ., India]. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.; 22: 138-131 [Jan 1974].

Surgical and radiothy roidectomy suppressed feather regenera- tion and increased the weight of the body, liver, gonads, and

gonoducts in Spotted Munia. Chemical thyroidectomy [methyl-

thiouracil] differed only in not being able to affect gonad and
gonoduct weight, probably because of incomplete impairment of thyroid function. [auth]

27231 COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE MUTAGE NIC EFFECT OF INCORPORATED ISOTOPES OF THE MOST IMPOR- TANT ORGANOGENIC ELEMENTS.

and Mutagenic Effects of the Decay of 32 P and 355 Incorporated in

IV. Comparison of Lethal Cells of Escherichia coli Try Leu . Pluchennik, G. [Univ., Warsaw]. Genetika; 10: No. 7, 103-113 [Jul 1974]. [In Russian.

Quantitative data were obtained on the lethal and mutagenic [reversions Try Try+ and Leu

Leut] effects induced by the decay of 32 P and 355 incorporated into the cells of Escherichia coli Try Leu". The mutagenic effect of the conversion 359 301 *as shown to exceed by five times that of the conversion 2p - S. A conclusion is drawn that the accuracy of selection of nucleic bases in cases of restrictive replication is inferior to that in cases of vegetative replication. [auth] 27232 FECT OF INCORPORATED ISOTOPES OF THE MOST IMPOR

COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF MUTAGENIC EF. Mutagenic Effects Induced by the Decay of $P and 35S Incorporated TANT ORGANOGENIC ELEMENTS. V. Comparison of Lethal and in Cells of Escherichia Coli B Try. Pluchennik, G. [Inst. of 114-121[Jul 1974]. [In Russian]. Fundamental Chemical Problems, Warsaw]. Genetika; 10: No. 1,

Quantitative data are obtained on the induction of the lethal effect and of the Try – Tryt reversions in Escherichia coli B Try bi the decay of incorporated 32 P and 35s. It is shown by the comparison of the mutagenic effects of the decay of P and 39 in case of the same lethal effect, that the mutagenic effect of the 359 - *CI conversion is over thrice that of the conversion IP - PS. The mechanism of the mutagenic effect of the 356 35Cl conversion is discussed. [auth] 27233

GENETIC EFFECTS OF 365 DECAY IN CELLS OF and the Nature of the Induced Mutations. Korolev, V. G.; GraYEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. II. Mutagenic Effect

Page 16

ray. The concentration of 212 Pb in the arterial and mixed venous
blood were regularly measured and no significant A-V difference
could be found. The blood concentration data were used to dif-
ferentiate between the 212 Pb level actually in the lungs and that
within the thoracic blood volume. This approach was facilitated
by the intravenous injection of 212 Pb so that an increment in 212 Pb
concentration in the blood could be correlated with the increment
in thoracic radioactivity. Seven canine studies indicated that the submicron aerosol of 212 Pb was cleared from the lungs with a single exponential process having a biological half-time of ~12 hours. This mean value corresponds closely to the biological half-times in human lungs reported by other investigators for

212 Pb and 210 Pb labelled aerosols of diverse physical and chemi-

cal forms, viz. 8 to 12 hours, suggesting that the clearance value
can be generalized for atmospheric lead. Evidence is presented
that the blood is a principal clearance pathway and that external assessment of radioactive lead in the thorax must also consider the lead content of the thoracic wall structures. [auth]

27268 [CONF-730907 - P2, pp 1243-1248] BIOLOGICAL MODELING FOR PREDICTING RETENTION PATTERNS OF INHALED CONTAMINANTS. Cuddihy, R. G.; Griffith, W. C.; Boecker, B. B. [Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Albuquerque, NM]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Biomathematical models were developed for simulating the tissue distribution and clearance of inhaled Ba and Ce aerosols in beagle dogs. Incorporating physical size characteristics of particles for predicting deposition and chemical solubility for estimating systemic absorption, application of these models was studied over a broad range of aerosol forms. The results illustrate the importance of determining these aerosol characteristics to aid in developing well founded predictions for its biological behavior. Procedures developed to date were more reliable in describing Ba metabolism and illustrate the more complex biochemical nature of Ce retention. [auth]

Adult, female, Wistar-strain rats were injected with 4.76 uci Es as the nitrate in 0.20 cc pH 2.0 solution [90% ultrafilterable] intravenously [i.v.], intramuscularly [i.m.] and subcutaneously [s.c.]. Regardless of the injection route, Es[NO3], was retained preponderantly in the skeleton up to 24 days after administration. The liver burden decreased from 26% of the initial Es administered i.v. at 4 hours to 14% at 1 day and TATB = or > DATB = or > HMX= or > Tetryl = or > TNB = or > TNT = or > RDX = or > PETN> NGu > BaNg. [auth] 27536 [AD-775389] STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF RADIA- TION ON THE ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF HgCdTe, Colwell, J. F.; Green, B. A.; Leadon, R.; Mallon, C. E.; Naber, J. A. [Intelcom. Rad. Tech., San Diego, Calif. [USA]]. 3 Dec 1973. Contract F19628-72-C-0311. 62p. [RT-8027- 004; A FCRL-TR-73-0761]. NTIS $3.75.

Results are given of experimental and theoretical investigation of the effects of electron irradiation on the electrical and optical properties of the alloy semiconductor HgCdTe. These results include measurements of the carrier concentration, Hall mobility, carrier lifetime, and photoconductive response for the preirradia- tion conditions, as a function of electron fluence and as a function of annealing temperature. The electron irradiations of these sam- ples were performed at 80°K with 5-MeV electrons and at anneal- ing temperatures up to 350°K. A model is developed to explain the changes in mobility, carrier concentration, and photoconductive response. [GRA] 27537 [AED-CONF-73-407-030] THE VAPOR PRESSURE

OF PROTACTINIUM[V]-BROMIDE. Weigel, F.; Brown, D.;

Hoffmann, G.; Wishnevsky, V. [Muenchen Univ. [F. R. Ger-
many]. Inst. fuer Anorganische Chemie]. 1973. 7p. INIS.

From 24th congress of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Hamburg, F. R. Germany [2 Sep 1973].

5 figs.; 2 tabs.; 7 refs.

The vapor pressure of protactinium [V] bromide was measured using an all-silica membrane gage. Below the melting point, the vapor pressure is represented by an equation different from that above the melting point. The extrapolated boiling point was found to be 701°K [428°C]. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the experimental data. [GE] 27538 [AED-CONF-74-089-008] CONVERSION OF 0-H, TO P-H, BY NEUTRON SCATTERING IN SOLID 0-HYDROGEN. Diehl, H. W.; Biem, W. [Giessen Univ. [F. R. Germany]. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik]. 1974. 6p. [CONF-740451-2]. [In German]. INIS.

From spring meeting of the Arbeitskreis Festkoerperphysik of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V.; Freudenstadt, F. R. Germany [1 Apr 1974].

8 figs. With abstract.

Slow neutrons in solid o-hydrogen can change a molecule into p-hydrogen during the scattering process, and synchronously generate phonons and librons. The cross-section for these processes is calculated. A method is developed which principally enables the crystal to be described at any composition. [GE] 27539

[AED-CONF-74-089-044] THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF GAMMA IRRADIATED LIF. Guckelsberger, K.; Neumaier, K. [CEA Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, 38 [France]. Service des Basses Temperatures; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Muenchen [F. R. Germany]. Zentralinstitut fuer Tieftemperaturforschung]. 1974. 7p. [CONF740451-3]. [In German]. INIS,

From spring meeting of the Arbeitskreis Festkoerperphysik of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft e.V.; Freudenstadt, F. R. Germany [1 Apr 1974].

6 figs.; 10 refs. With abstract.

The thermal conductivity of pure, monocrystalline y-irradiated LiF was measured in the temperature range of 0.3 to 1909K. The F centers produced by the irradiation scatter the phonons like point defects; the appertaining fluorine atoms appear as ag* gregates of about 10 A in diameter a interstitial positions. Extensite distorted zones occur with high irradiation doses [>10% R. Each of these three defects influences the heat conduction in a characteristic temperature region and can thus be analyzed during the irradiation and subsequent healing. [GE] 27540

[COM-774159] RADIATION EFFECTS RESEARCH PROGRAM.

Final Report, 1 September 1967 – 31 August 1973,
Grannemann, W. W.; Boatwright, L. T.; Byatt, W. J.; Colclaser,
R, A.; Southward, H. D. [New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque [USA], Bureau of Engineering Research]. 68-A-0158. 76p. NTIS $4.00.

Refer also to abstracts 26456, 26467, 27370, 27495, 28085, and

28111.

27533 [AD-773836] MULT LAXIAL RESPONSE OF ATJ-S GRAPHITE. Final Report, 1 July 1972-15 May 1973. Jortner, J. [McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co., Huntington Beach,

Calif. [USA]]. Oct 1973. Contract F33615-72-C-2047. 132p.

[MDC-G-3581; AFML-TR-73-170]. NTIS $4,75.

Experiments to explore the fracture and deformation of ATJ-S graphite under multiaxial stresses are described. The program included additional fracture tests in biaxial tension at 2000°F; an analytical evaluation of the applicability and limitations of biaxial test data; tests at room temperature under triaxial stress states to measure the effects of multiaxiality on strain; and some biaxial experiments at room temperature to further explore the nature of biaxial softening [the occurrence of unexpectedly large strains in biaxial tension]. [GRA] 27534

[AD-774401] SURFACE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS FOR ION BOMBARDED SI AND GaAs AT 1.0 TO 2.0 MeV. Lowe, L. F.; Kennedy, J. K.; Davies, D. E.; Deane, M. L.; Eyges, L.J. [Air Force Cambridge Research Labs., L. G. Hanscom Field, Mass. [USA]]. 29 Oct 1973. 11p. [A FCRL-PSRP-571; AFCRL-TR-73-660]. NTIS $3.00.

The use of ion implantation both as a research tool and as an electronic device fabrication technique has increased significantly in recent years. One parameter of interest is the temperature produced by the bombarding ions in the implanted volume during the irradiation. An infrared detector was used to measure these temperatures for ion beams of Nt, N2+, 0+, 02+, c, cot, and h* at energies from 1 to 2.0 MeV and currents up to 12 uA/cm2. [auth]

Oct 1973. Contract N00014

27535

[AD-775371] RADIATION-INDUCED CHANGES IN EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS, Avrami, L.; Jackson, H. J.; Kirshenbaum, M.S. [Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, N. J. [USA]]. Dec 1973. 8lp. [PA-TR-4602]. NTIS $4.00.

A group of eleven explosive materials in powder and pellet form were subjected to 60 Co gamma radiation. The explosives

Radiation effects research was directed toward basic research objectives involving dielectric materials and semiconductor ma

Page 22

tetroxane sampies were heated for times of from one to three hours at temperatures ranging from 75 to 105°C. The pentoxane samples were heated at 58°C for 18 hours. Polymer crystals grew during this heat treatment. The unreacted monomer was removed by sublimation in a vacuum. The polymer crystals were shadowed and examined in the electron microscope using a very low beam intensity. Results are discussed using micrographs. [JRD]

27556 RADIATION DAMAGE AND HIGH RESOLUTION BIOLOGICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. Glaeser, R. M. [Univ. of California, Berkeley], pp 226-227 of Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America. Arceneaux, C. J. [ed.]. Baton Rouge, LA; Claitor's Publishing Div. [1973].

From 31st EMSA meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA [14 Aug 1973]. See CONF-730816-.

Results of measurements of Ner [critical radiation exposure for a specified damage end point] are presented for valine polyethylene, uranyl-stained catalase, cytosine, phthalocyanine, and hexadecachlorophtalocyanine. [JRD]

A study was made of the structure of disordered regions generated by
recoil atoms of energies E=10, 30, and 50 keV. It was found that the channeling of fast atoms caused the displacement cascade to split into a number of regions separated by distances equal to the range of channeled atoms [100 – 500 A for 30 and 50 keV cascades in Ge and

Si]. Each subcascade was usually initated by a secondary recoil atom of

3 - 10 keV energy and it was found that interstitial atoms were separated by considerable distances from vacancies inside each subcascade. This separation increased considerably when we allowed for the spontaneous intracascade annealing of closely spaced defects. The results obtained should help in the interpretation of the results of nuclear and ionic bombardment of semiconducting materials. [auth] 27550 BEHAVIOR OF GROUP IV ELEMENTS INTRODUCED INTO INDIUM ARSENIDE BY ION IMPLANTATION. Guseva, MI; Zotova, N.V.; Koval', A.V.; Nasledov, D.N. [A. F. Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad]. Sov. Phys. - Semicond 8: No. 1, 34-36 [July 1974].

A study was made of the properties of layers obtained by implanting
Xe+, Ari, Ge+, and Si* 40-keV ions in n-type indium arsenide. It
was found that the radiation defects formed by bombardment with inert gas ions were almost completely healed at Tann=600 – 700°C. When n--type indium arsenide was bombarded with group IV ions, the following phenomena were observed: After annealing at temperatures up to 400°C, germanium and silicon preferentially occupied the In sublattice, becoming shallow donors; in the case of annealing above 600°C, the Ge+ and Si+ ions began to replace also the

As atoms, forming acceptor levels. The position of the Ge acceptor

level was estimated to be ~ 14 meV, and that of Si was ~ 20 meV above the top of the valence band. [auth] 27551 MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OFy - RADIATION DEFECTS IN GERMANIUM DOPED WITH GROUP V IMPURITIES. Mashovets, T.V; Emtsev, V.V.; Abdurakhmanova, S.N. [A. F. Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad]. Sov. Phys. – Semicond.

8: No. 1, 59-64 [July 1974].

A model of the process of formation of radiation defects in germanium is developed on the basis of the experimental information on the formation and annealing of defects in n-type germanium in the course of y-ray bombardment [up to doses causing conversion of the type of conduction]. In this model impurity atoms of group V are regarded as effective centers of the recombination of primary defects [vacancies and interstitial germanium atoms]. This model satisfactorily described the main experimental observations and the characteristic features of the kinetics of accumulation of radiation centers. [auth] 27552 RESISTIVITY OF SILICON SUBJECTED TO NEUTRON BOMBARDMENT AND ANNEALING. Mordkovich, V. N.; Solov'ev, S.P.; Temper, E.M; Kharchenko. V.A. Sov. Phys. - Semicond. 8: No. 1, 139-140 [July 1974].

We study the electrical resistivity of silicon as a function of isochronous annealing. The sample was irradiated withi neutrons from a water-cooled nuclear reactor, [AIP] 27553

INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF GROUP V DOPANT ON THE ANNEALING OF 7 RADIATION DEFECTS IN GERMANIUM. Abdurakhmanova, S.N.; Dostkhodzhaev, T.; Mashovets, T.V. [A. F. loffe Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad]. Sov. Phys. ---Semicond. 7: No. 9,

1229-1230 [Mar 1974].

We report on the isochronous annealing of n-type germanium doped with P. As, Sb, and Bi Irradiation is done with Cooo

r-rays, and we discuss the concentration of defects responsible foi the Ec -0.2 eV level. [AIP] 27554

DISTRIBUTION OF DEFECTS WITH DEPTH IN SILICON IRRADIATED WITH 80-keV LITHIUM IONS. Baranova, E.K; Gusev, V.M; Streltsov, LN [I. V. Kurchatov Institute of

Atomic Energy, Moscow]. Sov. Phys. --Semicond. 7: No. 9, 1239-1240

[Mar 1974].

We report on a study of the distribution of defects with depth in silicon irradiated by lithium ions. We have measured the infrared absorption coefficient of samples whose thicknesses were varied by etching. 27555 MORPHOLOGY OF POLYOXYMETHYLENE CRYSTALS GROUN INSIDE IRRADIATED TETROXANE AND PENTOXANE CRYSTALS. Reneker, D. H.; Colson, J. P. [Inst. for Materials Research, Washington, DC]. pp 74-75 of Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America. Arceneaux, C, J. [ed.]. Baton Rouge, LA; Claitor's Publishing Div. [1973].

From 31st EMSA meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana, l'SA [14 Aug 1973], See CONF-730816-,

Samples of tetroxane and pentoxane were prepared and irradiated by alpha particles. Also, since x-rays were used to initiate the polymerization reaction in earlier investigations of pentoxane some samples of pentoxane were initiated by exposure to a beam of 40 kilovolt x-rays. After irradiation the

27557 REVIEW OF THE RADIATION DAMAGE PROBLEM OF ORGANIC SPECIMENS IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. Rei-

mer, L. [Univ., Munich]. pp 476-477 of Proceedings of the

Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America. Arceneaux, C. J. [ed.]. Baton Rouge, LA; Clai- tor's Publishing Div. [1973].

From 31st EMSA meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana, U'SA [14 Aug 1973]. See CONF-730816-.

Research is reported directed to determination of the minimum radiation dose required to produce secondary damage, which can be measured quantitatively by a chemical or physical effect in thin specimens. Discussions are included on microorganisms, aromatic compounds, and effects of low temperature, A scale of radiation damage as functions of electron current density and exposure time is included. [JRD] 27558 ELECTRON RADIATION DAMAGE ON THIN FILMS OF PHENYALANINE. Lin, P. S. D. [Univ. of Chicago]. pp 484-485 of Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America. Arceneaux, C. J. [ed.]. Baton Rouge, LA; Claitor's Publishing Div. [1973],

From 31st EMSA meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA [14 Aug 1973]. See CONF-730816-.

Consecutive observation of the mass loss and change in electron energy loss spectra are being carried on in a simple field emission scanning microscope. The specimens are prepared by slow sublimation onto thin carbon films on a copper grid. Results show that [1] the 7-electron system in phenylalanine may be assumed to be toluene, [2; this part of the molecule constitutes about 55% of the molecular weight, and [3] amino acids appear to be most sensitive at the a-carbon site, it may be inferred that the breakage of the bond from c-carbon to the toluene-like part of the molecule is probably responsible for the mass loss, and that the toluene-like part is left behind when the mass loss is almost completed. In general, considering the rapid rate at which mass is lost, radiation damage inside the electron microscope is unavoidable. It is most desirable to study such processes right inside a microscope. Results of this experiment indicate that a microscope with the ability to analyze inelastic events is of value for such radiation damage studies, particularly for those molecules that have characteristic peaks in the energy loss spectra. [auth] 27559 THERMOLUMINESCENCE AND F CENTRE THERMAL ANNEALING IN HEAVILY IRRADIATED KCL AND NACI CRYSTALS. Ausin, V.; Alvarez Rivas, J. L. [Junta de Energia Nuclear, Madrid]. J. Phys., C. [London]; 7: No. 13, 2255-2262 [7 Jul 1974].

It has been observed that the thermoluminescence of heavily gamma-irradiated crystals of Naci and KCI is inhibited up to temperatures higher than those corresponding to less irradiated crystals. In Naci it is clearly seen that the vacancy-center aga gregation processes including the formation of the colloidal band are operative before thermoluminescence occurs. During the thermal bleaching of the colloidal band F centers are produced which in turn are annihilated by interstitials. The temperature of the maxima of the glow peak agrees well with the temperature ai which the radiation-induced hardening anneals out. As in the model proposed in a previous paper, it is concluded that the thermolumlu nescence in irradiated alkali halides is due to the recombination process light is emitted, [auth] of mobile interstitials with vacancy centers; at some stage in this 27560 THE TITANIUM AND ZIRCONIUM HYDRIDES. Nakamura, k.

PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE LINE SHAPES IN

Page 23

with a fissionable substance contained therein. The layer of a neutron-retarding material is made with alternating projections and depressions facing the layer of a neutron-absorbing material. [Official Gazette]

Heylen, P.R. [to ENI, Aartselaar, Belgium]. Belgian Patent 808,731. 16 Apr 1974. 23p. [In French].

A container for the transport of irradiated material is described. It consists of a container, at least one tube for the irradiated materials and a coolant fluid inside the container. The container is surrounded by a y biological shield and a neutron shield around the biological shield. The tube is at least partially surrounded by a metallic block with good thermal conductivity which is in contact with both the tube and the internal wall of the container. [tr-auth]

27584 CONTAINER FOR THE TRANSPORT OF IRRADIATED MATERIALS AND ITS FABRICATION. van Impe, J.; Lecerf, H.;

field sections will be inflected in the paraxial region. Consequently, the corresponding electrons will be accelerated to considerable energies before being stopped by other electrodes. The presence of high-energy electrons in inclined-field tubes was experimentally proved by X-ray measurements around the 5 MV Van de Graaff generator in this Institute, Similar measurements performed with a homogeneous field tube enable us to compare the behavior of tubes of different types. [auth]

Auxiliaries and Components

Refer also to abstract 28346.

27585 [CONF-730907-P2, pp 841-845] SOME PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF MUONS TO THE ST RAY RADIATION LEVEL AROUND THE CERN 28 GeV PROTON SYNCHROT RON. Hoefert, M.; Baarli, J. [CERN, Geneva]. Feb 1974.

From 3rd international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association meeting; Washington, District of Columbia, USA [9 Sep 1973].

In proceedings of the third international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association.

Below a few GeV the predominant radiation in the environment of accelerator installations is stray neutrons. Muons may however become dominant if pions and kaons produced by the interacting primary beam are allowed to decay in the course of free flight and the resulting muons in forward direction are not sufficiently shielded. Measurements with a counter telescope allowing for the determination of their angular distribution behind the shield around the beam direction are reported. The attenuation length for muon spectra from the decay of pions of a few GeV in several materials was determined and is compared with theoretical values. The measurements show in addition the contribution to stray radiation levels by other components penetrating the main shield of the accelerator. Their relative importance at different distances and their environmental impact are discussed. [auth] 27586 [GSI-tr-11/74] PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLIC HIGH-CURRENT ACCELERATORS AND MESOT RON FACTORIES. Dschelepow, W. P.; Dmitrijewskij, W. P.; Kolga, W. W. [Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung m.b.H., Darmstadt [F. R. Germany]]. May 1974. 14p. [in German]. INIS.

3 figs.; 1 tab.; 19 refs. Translation of the report JINR-P97833.

The essential problems of the development of cyclic high-current accelerators [phasotrons], in particular the increase of the average particle beam current are discussed and partly compared with linear accelerators. Isochronous cyclotron models to accelerate protons in the GeV region [with intensive focussing] for 100 mA beam intensity are dealt with in regard to the building of a high-current K-meson generator. [GE] 27587 TE REK-2 HIGH-CURRENT PULSED ELECTRON ACCELERATOR. Bondar, Yu. F.; Koval'chuk, B. M.; Rybalov, A. M.; Strelkov, P. S. [Inst. of Atmospheric Optics, Tomsk, USSR]. Instrum. Exp. Tech. [USSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1, 17-19 [1974].

Translated from Prib. Tekh. Eksp.; 17: No. 1, 25-27 [1974]. A pulsed electron accelerator having a current-pulse amplitude of up to 10 kA and a pulse length of 30 nsec is described. The energy of the electrons in the beam may be controlled smoothly from 200 to 550 keV. The structural peculiarities of the accelerator allow injection of a beam into a quasi-stationary magnetic field without introducing substantial distortions into the field. [auth] 27588 HIGH-POWER NANOSECOND ELECTRON ACCELERATOR WITH INDUCTIVE STORAGE. Koval'chuk, B.M.; Kotov, Y.A.; Mesyats, G.A. [Atmospheric Optics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Tomsk]. Sov. Phys. – Tech. Phys. 19: No. 1, 136-137 [July 1974].

An electron accelerator has been developed in which the primary energy storage is the capacity of a Marks generator [300 kV, 12.10-] pF]. The Marks generator discharges into the inductive energy storage through several parallel copper wires 50 i in diameter, the inductive storage being the self-inductance of the generator. The wires explode at current maximum. The energy stored in the inductor is transferred to a diode with a multifront cathode. The accelerator yields an electron beam with an electron energy of 600 keV, a current of 5.2 ka, and pulse about 100 nsec long. [auth]

CALCULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS ON THE MAXIMUM ENERGY OF SECONDARY ELECTRONS IN INCLINEDFIELD ACCELERATION TUBES. Kiss, A.; Koltay, E.; Szabo, Gy. [Inst. of Nuclear Research, Hungarian Acad. of Sci., Debrecen, Hungary]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 325-329[15 May

27590 HIGH-FIELD [5T] PULSED SUPERCONDUCTING DIPOLE MAGNET. Coupland, J, H. [Science Research Council, Chilton, Eng.]. Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng. [London]; 121: No. 7, 771-778 [Jul 1974].

An account of the design, construction and testing of a pulsed superconducting dipole magnet of novel design known as AC4 is given. It represents a stage in the development of very-highfield magnets for possible use in a super-high-energy proton synchrotron. Though the magnet does not quite attain the necessary field homogeneity, the extensive tests reported here provide confidence and much relevant information for future designs using saturated iron. From the electrical nieasurements of total losses for unidirectional and bidirectional pulsing, an estimate can be made of the contribution from the iron yoke and shows that the hysteretic losses in the superconductor are about as expected. [auth] 27591 SIMPLE METHOD FOR MEASURING THE ENERGY OF ELECTRONS IN THE BEAM OF AN ACCELERATOR. Balashov, A. P. Instrum. Exp. Tech. [USSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1, 20-21 [1974].

Translated from Prib. Tekh, Eksp.; 17: No. 1, 27-28 [1974],

A method for measuring the energy of extracted beams of electron accelerators in the 2 to 10 MeV range by means of partial absorption of the beam in a metal plate of known thickness is described. The method is distinguished by its simplicity, fair accuracy, and rapidity with which the measurements can be performed. [auth] 27592 THEORETICAL MODEL FOR AN ADVANCED BREMSSTRAHLUNG CONVERTER. Halbleib, J.A. Sr. [Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87115]. J. Appl. Phys. 45: No. 9, 4103-4109 [Sept 1974].

The model described may be used to predict the output of a
bremsstrahlung converter system consisting of one or more thin converter foils immersed in a uniform magnetic field whose direction is oblique to the foil normal[s]. This model is a superposition of the vacuum helical trajectories of the electrons and a Monte Carlo collisional transport of photons and electrons. Predictions of radiation

environments of these "advanced” converters are compared with those

of more conventional converters. It is shown that one may extract a
comparable, if not greater, amount of bremsstrahlung energy from the
relatively thin advanced converters and that the spectra are considerably
softer. Because of the higher solid - angle reduction inherent in the
advanced converter geometries, however, it is concluded that they will
not lead to significantly higher point bremsstrahlung deposition in
irradiated materials. Nevertheless, higher deposition should be possible where large exposure areas are required. [auth] 27593

FLUX DISTRIBUTION IN A STEEL SIDE SHIELD,
Bennett, G. W.; Levine, G. S.; Foelsche, H, W.; Toohig, T. E.
[Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N. Y. [USA]]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 118: No. 1, 149-155[1 Jun 1974].

Measurement has been made of the distribution of secondary particles in a steel side shield near a tungsten alloy target illuminated by high-energy protons. Secondaries were detected using 110 activation, and the effect of unspecified targets was

cancelled by subtracting “target-out”' data. The resulting dis-

tribution does not support a uniform attenuation length. These
results provide design criteria for steel side shields, particularly close-coupled shields. [auth] 27594

METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF A HIGH-POWER PULSED ELECTRON BEAM. Arnoud, J. C.; Roche, M. [CEA Centre d'Etudes de Valduc, 21 – Is-sur-Tille [France]]; Boivin, M.; Cauchois, Y. [Paris -6 Univ., 75 [France]. Lab. de Chimie Physique]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 487 -490[15 May 1974]. [In French].

Trajectory calculations have been carried out for secondary electrons emitted on the electrodes and in the interelectrode gaps of inclined-field acceleration tubes. It was shown that a number of trajectories originating in the neighborhood of the prismatic

A new means of analyzing a high-power pulsed electron beam is reported. The bremsstrahlung emitted from a target placed in the beam is measured using luminescent optical fibres. The calibration, carried out with a constant beam accelerator, shows that the spatial distribution is very good. [auth] 27595 DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A CHARGE-STATE SEPARATOR BASED ON OFFSET MAGNETIC QUADRUPOLES. Eastham, D. A.; Joy, T.; Tait, N, R, S. [Science Research Council, Daresbury [UK]. Daresbury Lab.]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 495-500[15 May 1974].

A new type of charge-state separator, employing a magnetic quadrupole triplet as a dispersive element is described. The predicted operation is confirmed experimentally for oxygen and argon ion beams of the quality expected in the centre terminal of a large electrostatic tandem accelerator. [auth] 27596 FORMATION OF SHORT BUNCHES IN AN ELECTRON BEAM WITH THE AID OF TWO DEFLECTING CAVITIES. Boussoukaya, M.; Septier, A. [Paris-11 Univ., 91 -Orsay [France]. Inst. d'Electronique Fondamentale]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 321-324 [15 May 1974]. [In French].

A theoretical study of electron beam deflection in rectangular cavities by TM120 mode in S-band is done; a formula is given to calculate rf power needed to obtain very short bunches of electrons of phase width Aon, at v = 2850 MHz/s. Experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement. [auth]

lon Sources and Injection and Extraction Systems

27597 [IFVE-SKU-72-98] FAST EXTRACTION OF PROTONS FROM THE 70-GeV ACCELERATOR. Ejection Channel A.

Bossart, R.; Van Breugel, I.; Herin, S. [Gosudarstvennyj Komitet po Ispol'zovaniyu Atomnoj Ehnergii SSSR, Serpukhov. Inst. Fiziki Vysokikh Ehnergij]. 1973. 44p. [In Russian]. INIS.

The work on the design, construction, and alignment of the system for the fast extraction of protons from the IHEP 70-GeV accelerator is described in detail. The construction characteristics of the system, the calculated parameters and tolerances, imposed on the equipment are given. The results of the alignment in different regimes required for physics experiments are reported. [tr-auth] 27598 PROTON EXTRACTION FROM THE 70-GeV ACCELERATOR FOR THE LUDMILA LIQUID-HYDROGEN CHAMBER [extraction SYSTEM S]. Aseev, A.A.; Drozhdin, A.I.; Zelenov, B.A.; Merker, E.A.; Moizhes, L.L.; Myznikov, K.P.; Roshchin, A.A.; Tatarenko, V.M.; Kholodenko, M.A.; Artemov, A.D.; Vaulin, L.N.; Gordin, V.I.; Kovalevskii, 1.1.; Rozhkov, V.N.; Suvorov, M.M.; Sudarushkin, A.S.; Chuiko, V.I. [Institute of High - Energy Physics, Serpukhov Efremov Scientific -- Research Institute of Electronics, Physics, and Automation, Leningrad]. Sov. Phys. – Tech. Phys. 19: No. 1, 70-76 [July 1974].

Extraction of the proton beam from the 70-GeV accelerator of the Institute of High-Energy Physics for the Ludmila liquid - hydrogen chamber is described. The features of the beam extraction and transport systems, the design parameters, the tolerances, and the characteristics of the apparatus are discussed. The method used to align the system is discussed. The results of the alignment of the system are reported. [auth] 27599 PROTOTYPE POLARIZED-ELECTRON SOURCE THROUGH ELECTRON-HYDROGEN SPIN EXCHANGE WITH TEFLON CONTAINMENT OF HYDROGEN AND A LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIC TRAP. Krisciokaitis-Krisst, R.; Peterson, W. K. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [DESY], Hamburg [F.R. Germany]]. Nucl, Instrum. Methods; 118: No. 1, 157-163[1 Jun 1974].

A prototype polarized-electron source has been constructed and results are reported. It is based on electron-hydrogen spinexchange collisions using a longitudinal-geometry electron trap and teflon coatings to contain the state-selected atomic-hydrogen target. This scaled-down prototype is compatible with an electron linac and produces an extracted pulse of about 107 electrons/us with about 60% polarization and 50 to 60 Hz repetition rate. Construction of a more intense [1010 or more electrons per pulse] full-scale device based upon this technique is also discussed. The average measured total electron-hydrogen spin-exchange cross section for 5 to 10 eV electrons is estimated to be in the range [0.5 to 1.55] * 10-15 cm?. [auth]

Teoreticheskoj i Ehksperimental'noj Fiziki]. 1973. 20p. [In Russian]. INIS.

It was shown that during injection of linear charged particle beams into areas filled by a magnetic field an increase of the momentum scattering occurs because of the longitudinal Coulomb repulsion and because of the gradual increase of the circulating current. The increase of the momentum scattering depends on the radius of injection and of the total injected current. It leads to radial widening of the beam after injection, which in turn depends only on the total injected current and the energy of injection. If the injected beam is placed close to the conducting surface, then the effect discussed can be reduced. This effect limits the possibility of obtaining large density in the circular charged particle beam and represent, particularly interest for coherent methods of acceleration. [tr-auth] 27601 [ITEF-63] ESTIMATION OF BUILDING POSSIBILITY OF THE COLLECTIVE ACCELERATOR WITH MULTIPLE UTILIZATION OF ELECTRON RINGS. Kapchinskii, I. M. [Gosudarstvennyj Komitet po Ispol’zovaniyu Atomnoj Ehnergii SSSR, Moscow. Inst. Teoreticheskoj i Ehksperimental'noj Fiziki]. 1973. 16p. [In Russian]. INIS.

The effects leading to an increase of the phase volume of electrons in fluctuating rings were examined. It is shown that heating of the electrons occurs very rapidly which indicates that repeated use of the same ring in order to increase the efficiency of the collective accelerator is impossible. [tr-auth] 27602 [UCID-15512] COHERENT SPACE CHARGE LIMITS IN CLOSED ORBIT HIGH INTENSITY ELECTRON MACHINES. Lamb, W. A. S.; Beal, J. W. [California Univ., Livermore [USA]. Lawrence Livermore Lab]. 24 Jul 1969. 5p. Dep. NTIS $4.00.

Expressions are derived for the integral resonance and the half integral resonance for the case of an unbunched beam such as a betatron. [WHK] 27603 TRANSVERSE BEAM INSTABILITY IN A RESONATOR SECTION. Kramskoi, G.D.; Kurilko, V.1.; Shendrik, V.A. [Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Khar'kov]. Sov. Phys. – Tech. Phys. 18: No. 12, 1638-1642 [June 1974].

The transverse beam instability in a single resonator section is analyzed. Account is taken of the spontaneous and induced interactions of the beam with the field of a defocusing, axially asymmetric EH. wave. Analytic expressions are derived for the transverse displacement of a bunch as a function of its order number, the beam current, the parameters of the section [the geometry, Q. and the accelerating field], and the external inducting forces. The threshold curents are determined The intensity of the defocusing wave amplified by the beam is found as a function of the beam current. The theoretical results agree with the experimental data. [auth] 27604 EFFECT OF INTRAPULSE FLUCTUATIONS ON A LINEAR ACCELERATOR BEAM. Aver’yanov, G.P.; Grishaev, I.A. Dovbnya, A.N.; Shal’nov, A.V. [Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kharkov]. Sov. Phys. – Tech. Phys 18: No. 12, 1643-1645 [June 1974].

The effect of fluctuations on the energy spectrum in a linear accelerator beam is studied. Expressions are obtained which relate spectral parameters to the moments of the instability distribution function. Experimental data are presented for intrapulse frequency fluctuations and for the dependence of spectral parameters on the number of accelerating sections. It is shown that intrapulse fluctuations play an important role in the formation of spectra in accelerators at low and medium energies and that beam monochromaticity is determined mainly by the parameters of an individual bunch in a multisection accelerator. [auth] 27605

ION ACCELERATION BY DENSITY WAVES IN AN ELECTRON BEAM. Gavrilov, N. M.; Nesterovich, A. V. Moscow Engineering-Physics Inst.j. Sov. Phys.-Tech. Phys. [Engl. Transl.]; 18: No. 6, 785-788 [Dec 1973].

Under certain conditions, the propagation of a space-charge

Translated from Zh. Tekh. Fiz.; 43: No. 6, 1238-1243[Jun 1973, density wave during modulation of an electron beam by a slow electromagnetic wave propagating along the beam axts can be

described by the methods of electron optics, A qualitative analysis is made of the amplification of the reference-wave field and of the possible simultaneous achievement of radial and phase stability for the ions in such a system. The results indicate that the field intensification affects the ion dynamics in devices such as traveling-wave tubes during ion acceleration and focusing.

lon Optics and Field Calculations

27600 [ITEF-54] TRANSIENT PROCESSES IN FORMING DENSE ELECTRON RINGS. Globenko, Yu, G. [Gosudarstvennyj Komitet po Ispol'zovaniyu Atomnoj Ehnergii SSSR, Moscow. Inst.

ABERRATIONS IN A STRAIGHT ION-OPTICAL ACCELERATOR. Gerasimov, E.I.; Solnyshkov, A.I.; Tarvid, G.V. [D. V. Efremov Scientific - Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus] Sov. Phys. – Tech. Phys. 19: No. 1, 131-133 [July 1974].

A 150-keV ion -optical accelerator with an ion current of 3 mA is investigated. The beam - parameter is investigated. The beam - parameter measurement system enables us to obtain data on the current - density distribution over the beam radius and phase diagrams in transverse planes in the different regimes of accelerator operation. The causes of distortion in the phase - volume configuration and the change in the current - density distribution in the beam cross section are investigated. The action of nonlinear focusing forces, which leads to a considerable increase in the effective phase volume, is shown to be a decisive factor. It is also possible to form beams with current - density distribution close to equilibrium, using focusing elements with strong spherical aberration. [auth] 27607 DEPENDENCE OF ION ACCELERATION ON LIMITING CURRENT IN RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BEAMS, Straw, D.C.; Miller, R.B. [Air Force Weapons Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117]. Appl. Phys. Lett. 25: No. 7, 379-381 [1 Oct 1974].

A 2-MeV 15-KA 45 – nsec electron beam was used to obtain * high-energy deuterons when injected into a chamber filled with neutral

deuterium at low pressure. It was found that jon acceleration did not occur until the electron current exceeded the space-charge limiting

current, the threshold established by the acceleration model of Olson. * The limiting current was varied through its dependence on the ratio of • guide tube radius to injected electron beam radius. The maximum

deuteron energy was measured to be 4.5 MeV for the largest guide tube to beam radius ratio. An increasing average ion energy with an increasing radius ratio was also observed. [auth] 27608 ON THE QUESTION OF CHARGED-PARTICLE MOTION IN A FOCUSED LASER FIELD. McIver, J.K. Jr.; Lubin,

M.J. [Laboratory for Laser Energetics, College of Engineering and * Applied Science, Rochester, New York 14627]. J. Appl. Phys. 45: No.

4, 1682-1687 [Apr 1974].

The motion of an electron traversing the intense coherent electromagnetic field in the focal region of an f/0.5 aplanatic lens is calculated for the purpose of studying charged - particle acceleration. The results are compared with two simplified plane - wave models for this interaction. This comparison emphasizes the need to consider longitudinal field components and three - dimensional spatial modulation that are absent in simple models. Plane - wave results overestimate the electron energy gain by an order of magnitude. [auth] 27609 THE CALCULATION OF THE FIELD INTEGRAL OR BENDING POWER OF MAGNET COILS. Coupland, J. H. [Science Research Council, Chilton [UK]. Rutherford Lab.]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 491-493 [15 May 1974].

It is shown how the bending power of an air-cored magnet for a beam of charged particles may be calculated directly without recourse to elliptic integrals and an integration routine. An example of how the field integral varies for a coil pair shows no advantage in choosing a Helmholtz configuration. The method depends on an integral theorem, a proof of which is given in the appendix, [auth] 27610

TWO COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR RAY-TRACING OF CHARGED PARTICLES WITH SPACE-CHARGE EFFECTS IN VARIABLE EXTERNAL FIELDS. Joel, A.; Tuan, T. T. [Paris11 Univ., 91 - Orsay [France]. Inst. de Physique Nucleaire]. Nucl. Instrum, Methods; 118: No. 1, 93-98[1 Jun 1974].

Two computer programs have been written in Fortran V for calculating charged particle paths in order to study the extraction conditions of a heavy ion confinement source. These two programs operate on axially symmetric beam and field systems. The first, SPACH, calculates homocharged particle paths. The second, IONEL, calculates the paths of two mixed beams with opposite charges. [auth] 27611

THE MAGNETIC ANALOGUE METHOD AS USED IN THE STUDY OF A CYCLOTRON CENTRAL REGION. Hazewindus, N.; van Nieuwland, J. M.; Faber, J.; Leistra, L. [Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken N.V., Eindhoven [Netherlands]]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 118: No. 1, 125-134[1 Jun 1974].

The shape of the electric field in a given electrode configuration can be found with the help of a magnetic analogue. In the study of the central particle trajectories of a cyclotron, where a detailed knowledge of the electric accelerating fields is essential, this method appears to be particularly useful. A detailed discussion of the method itself is presented. A computer-controlled apparatus has been built to perform the necessary measurements. The measuring procedures, the subsequent checks and corrections that are applied and the use of the fields in the orbit integrations are reviewed. [auth]

Elektronen-Synchrotron [DESY], Hamburg [F.R. Germany]]. 1974. 11p. [In German]. [CONF-740225-[Absts]]. INIS.

From conference on nuclear physics and high energy physics; Hamburg, F. R. Germany [20 Feb 1974].

11 figs.

After a short survey on the construction and the machine parameters of the electron-positron double storage ring DORIS at DESY a report is given on the experience gained during the first six weeks' test run and on the present state of the work. [GE] 27613 [UCID-15694] DIPOLE FIELD IN A TOROIDAL GEOMETRY FOR THE HIGH INTENSITY STORAGE RING. Beal, J. W. [California Univ., Livermore [USA]. Lawrence Livermore Lab.]. 24 Jul 1970. 14p. Dep. NTIS $4.00.

As presently envisioned for the High Intensity Storage Ring [HISR], the magnetic guide field will be a superposition of n = 0] dipole, bending fields coupled with independent quadrupole focussing fields. Since the HISR is designed for low rigidity particles, approximately 5 MeV kinetic energy electrons, relatively weak field strengths are required. For this reason and also increased flexibility, it was determined to produce these fields without ferrous materials and to use only the appropriate set of currentcarrying conductors. Results of numerical calculations pertaining to the dipole field component produced by a set of finite conductors are presented. [auth] 27614 X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY. Lindau, I.; Pianetta, P.; Doniach, S.; Spicer, W, E. [Stanford Univ., CA]. Nature [London]; 250: No. 5463, 214-215[19 Jul 1974].

The first x-ray photoemission spectroscopy [XPS] experiments performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project, using synchrotron radiation from the Stanford Positron Electron Accelerator Ring [SPEAR] are described. The main object was to study the feasibility of using the favorable properties of synchrotron radiation to achieve high resolution XPS. A resolution of about 0.25 eV was obtained, as against 0.6 to 1.5 eV with commercially available XPS machines. Synchrotron radiation provides a continuous wavelength spectrum which for the SPEAR storage ring extends down to a fraction of an angstrom with considerable intensity. In the photoemission experiments described the sample was irradiated with monochromatic radiation and a kinetic energy analysis performed on the photoemitted electrons. The experimental apparatus employed is described in detail, and its performance is discussed. [UK] 27615 TUNE SHIFTS FOR PARTICLE BEAMS CROSSING AT SMALL ANGLES IN THE LOW-B SECTION OF A STORAGE RING. Keil, E. [European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva [Switzerland]]; Pellegrini, C. [Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare, Frascati [Italy]. Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati]; Sessler, A. M. [California L'niv., Berkeley [USA]. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.]. Nucl. Instrum, Methods; 118: No. 1, 165-170[1 Jun 1974].

The linear tune shift of a particle crossing an azimuthally uniform, cylindrically symmetric Gaussian beam is evaluated to first order in the line density, taking into account the variation of the amplitude function B through the crossing region, [auth] 27616 SPIN MOTION IN e' STORAGE RINGS. Schwitters, R. F. [Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Calif. [USA]]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 331-337[15 May 1974].

General properties of the spin motion in ete storage rings are studied in order to determine the conditions where radiative beam polarization is likely to occur. A general first-order theory of depolarization is developed and applied to specific examples of non-resonant depolarization in storage rings. It is found that under many practical conditions radiative beam polarization should occur and therefore the beam polarization will be a significant parameter in high-energy ete colliding beam experiments. [auth]

Experimental Facilities
Refer also to abstracts 26487, 26941, 26953, and 2844 7.
27617 [JINR-P13-8079]

HIGH INTENSITY PI MESON BEAMS FOR MEDICO-BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICS STUDIES ON THE LYAP SYNCHROCYCLOTRON OF JINR. Abazov, V. M.; Dzhelepov, V. P.; Kuz’min, E. S.; Molokanov, A. G.; Savchenko, O. V.; Reshetnikov, G. P.; Cherevatenko, E. P. [Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research, Dubna [USSR]. Lab. of Nuclear Problems]. 1974. 33p. [In Russian]. Dep. NTIS [US Sales Only] $4.75,

The method for producing intense 7 meson beams by means of wide-angle solenoidal lenses with inhomogeneous axially symmetric magnetic fields is described. For i mesons with energy around 30 MeV with proton currents of 670 MeV energy and intensity -1012 sec hitting Cu targets, the following beam parame

27612

[AED-CONF-74-093< 001] THE PRESENT STATE OF THE DESY STORAGE RING DORIS. Voss, G. E. [Deutsches

Localized regions of enhanced surface resistance cause a strong mode dependence of the unloaded quality factors in multi-cell superconducting rf cavities. An analysis of the measured dependence of quality factors on modes at low temperatures allows cells of high surface resistance to be localized. Similarly cells where magnetic break-down occurs may be identified. This analysis is based on the field distributions inside the rf cavity as obtained from simple field-perturbation measurements in a given frequency passband. The study is associated with the construction of the superconducting rf beam separator at CERN. [auth] 27622 ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE CAPACITIVE BEAM PICK-OFF. Parkinson, W. C.; Petersen, J. F.; Duplantis, D.C. [Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor [USA]. Cyclotron Lab.]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 605-607[15 May 1974].

The use of a capacitive pick-off for generating timing signals from beam pulses is well known. This note describes the system in use with the University of Michigan's time-of-flight facility, and in particular indicates how the signal-to-noise ratio and pulse rise time are optimized. [auth]

27623 NEUTRONS PRODUCED BY 740-MeV PROTONS ON URANIUM Veeser, L. R.; Fullwood, R. R.; Robba, A. A.; Shunk, E. R.

[Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex. [USA]]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 509-512[15 May 1974].

The spectrum of neutrons produced by 740-MeV protons striking a thick uranium target has been calculated, and measurements of the low-energy part of the spectrum have been made at two angles to verify calculational procedures. About 25 neutrons are produced per proton. The most probable neutron energy is 0.5 MeV. [auth]

ters were obtained: total intensity -10? sec-1, current density 2105 cm-?sec-1, and stopping density 25 * 104 g 1sec-1 in water. For beams of it mesons these parameters are higher by a factor of 3.5 to 4. The dose rate in the Bragg peak for beams of is about 3 rad/min. The beams were designed for use in radiobiological and some clinical studies relating to radiation therapy of tumors and in a series of physics studies where high stopping density is important. [tr-auth] 27618 INSTALLATION FOR MEASURING THE ANGULAR ANISOT ROPY OF ALPHA DECAY AND FISSION OF ORIENTED ACTINIDE NUCLEI. Gonin, N. N.; Kozlovskii, L. K.; Stavisskii, Yu. Ya.; Tambovtsev, D. 1. [Inst. of Physico-Power, Obninsk, USSR]. Instrum, Exp. Tech. [USSR] [Engl. Transl.]; 17: No. 1, 42-44 [1974].

An installation is described for performing experiments on the measurement of the angular anisotropy of a radiation and the fission of oriented actinide nuclei. A procedure for growing single crystals of uranyl rubidium nitrate and a method for depositing layers of radioactive compounds on them are given. The fission fragments and a particles were recorded by semiconductor detectors that were maintained at a temperature ~25°K. Results are presented of measurements of the anisotropy of a radiation from oriented 237 Np nuclei and the emission of fragments as a result of the fission of oriented 235U nuclei by thermal neutrons. [auth] 27619 A RAPID TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL CYCLOTRON IRRADIATIONS. Bavaria, G.; Kitching, J. E.; Crawford, J. E. [McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec [Canada]. Foster Radiation Lab.]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 117: No. 2, 317-320 [15 May 1974].

A rapid pneumatic transport system used for cyclotron internal irradiations is described. The system permits entry into the cyclotron vacuum tank of a target carrier which is adaptable to solids, liquids or gases. Tests with helium, nitrogen and argon carrier gases were carried out. Transit times of less than 200 ms over an 8 m flight path are comfortably achieved using 15 g target carriers, [auth] 27620 COMMENTS ON "SEPARATED HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRON BEAMS CSING SYNCHROTRON RADIATION." White, D.; Erber, T. [Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago [USA]. Dept. of Physics]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 118: No. 1, 147-148 [1 Jun 1974].

In a recent article Farley et al. proposed the utilization of a magnetic chicane to purify high-energy electron beams, The essential idea is to selectively strip off some of the beam energy by inducing synchrotron radiation [magnetic bremsstrahlung], and then by direct or indirect means exploit the cumulative effects of radiation reaction to produce macroscopic shifts of the electron trajectories. It is pointed out that Farley et al, have underestimated the straggling effects in virtue of an inconsistent semi-classical approximation. [auth] 27621 A METHOD FOR LOCALIZING CELLS OF ENHANCED SURFACE RESISTANCE AND MAGNETIC BREAK-DOWNS IN MULTI-CELL SUPERCONDUCTING RF-CAVITIES. Dammertz, G.; Husson, L.; Lengeler, H.; Rathgeber, E. [Karlsruhe Univ. [TH] [F. R. Germany]]. Nucl. Instrum. Methods; 118: No. 1, 141146[1 Jun 1974].

27624 DYNAMIC POLARIZATION OF PROTONS AND DEUTERONS IN SOLID DEUTERIUM HYDRIDE. Solem, J. C. [Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex. [USA]]. Nucl. Instrum, Methods; 117: No. 2, 477-485[15 May 1974].

Dynamic polarization of protons and deuterons in radiationdamaged solid deuterium hydride containing a small oxygen impurity and the parameters relating to this process have been investigated. The apparatus for preparing a sample from a gas mixture, for retaining it at liquid-hellum temperature, for inflicting radiation damage, for observing its EPR and NMR spectra, and for measuring its nuclear- and electron-resonance relaxation times is described. The EPR spectra for atoms and radicals iaduced by radiation damage are displayed. The relaxation times of the H-atom resonances are shown to be greatly reduced when oxygen is added to the HD gas and a broad resonance appears, which is not present in purer samples and is ascribed to the radical 02D. The following data are presented for the inost successful HD sample: [1] spin-lattice relaxation times for the proton, deuteron, and electron systems; [2] enhancement of proto polarization as a function of microwave power and magnetic field for microwave frequencies of 23.93 GHz and 35.68 GHz at temperatures of 4.2 K and ~ 1.2 K; and [3] enhancement of deuteron polarization as a function of magnetic field for 23.93 GHz at 4.2 K and 1.3 K. A proton polarization of a 3 31% and a deuteron polarization of 0.3-0.4% have been obtained. Proton polarizations of more than 15% might be obtained if the field is raised to 25 kg and both H-atom resonances are used to drive transitions, [auth]

Page 24

[ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY]

27625 ASTROPHYSICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING PLASMAS AND PLASMA-SOLID SYSTEMS. 1. On the Mechanism and Formation of Loop Prominences. II. Electric Potential on Solid Spheres in a Plasma. III. Physical Conditions in the Meterorite Condensation Environment. IV. Origin of the Ocean. De, B. R. San Diego, CA; University of California [1973]. 208p. University Microfilms Order No. 74-9844.

Thesis [Ph. D.].

In Part I, a mechanism is suggested for the formation of looptype prominences in solar-active regions following flare events. The mechanism is based on the already existing idea of compres sion of a coronal plasma element resulting in enhanced radiation and consequent cooling of the element. A model is suggested for such a compression based on the concept of a contracting, forcefree filamentary structure. This model of compression is shown to be in approximate qualitative and quantitative agreement with observations. In Part II, it is shown that the steady electric potential that develops on a solid body immersed in a plasma is dependent on the dimension of the body relative to the Debye shielding distance in the plasma. In Part III the assumption in many currently popular theories of the meteorite condensation environment that the condensing solids and the ambient gas had the same temperature is examined. This assumption is found to be irreconcilable with our knowledge of space and the fundamental laws of physics. A fresh attempt is made to deduce the physical conditions in the primordial gas at condensation basing on the assumption that the temperature of the solids at condensation was in the range 2000-200°K. The conclusion is that the gas temperature was in the range 3000-10,000°K, perhaps closer to the upper limit. Part IV is a preliminary attempt to understand the problem of the origin of the ocean starting from the assumption of a plasma condensation origin of the materials that now form the earth. Quantitative aspects of the problem are examined. [LBS] 27626 SCATTERING OPERATOR IN THE THEORY OF DISCONTINUOUS MARKOV PROCESSES. Cook, J.M. [Argonne National Lab., IL]. J. Math. Anal. Appl.; 47: No. 3, 578-598[Sep 1974].

Modern perturbation theory for linear operators was adapted back to the older classical theory, in particular the century old theory of radiative transfer and its forty year old application to neutron transport theory. An application is made to the astrophysical problem of finding the equilibrium distribution of radiation given the stationary flux incident on a scattering medium occupying some restricted region of space. [JFP] Cosmic Radiation

The results by Goddard group were similar to the author's results. [JA] 27629 LONG LIVED NUCLEUS 53Mn IN THE COSMIC MATE- RIAL. Nishiizumi, K. [Rikkyo Univ., Tokyo]. Uchusen Kenkyu; 17: No. 4, 589-593[Feb 1973]. [In Japanese].

From symposium on charged particles and cosmic radiation; Hamamatsu, Japan [Dec 1971].

Measurement and analysis of long living 53Mn have been carried out to study cosmic ray. This element can be produced from Fe, especially by the spallation with protons. The history of cosmicray and the secular change of cosmic substances can be known from the variation of activity with depth from the surface of meteorites, because its life is long. The measurement of 53Mn can be performed by X-ray counting, mass spectroscopy, or neutron activation analysis. The X-ray accompanying the electron capture process of 58Mn is directly measured with an X-ray counter. The mass spectroscopy is made with a high sensitive mass spectrometer. The ratio of ion beam 53/54 or 53/55 is measured. The activation analysis is to measure the gamma-ray of 54 Mn produced by 53Mnin,y]54Mn reaction by thermal neutrons. The detection sensitivity is very high, because activity can be increased by activation to 104 times as high as original activity. Disturbing reactions 55Mn[n,2n]54 Mn or 54Fe[n, 0]54Mn by fast neutrons should be reduced as small as possible. At present, the activation analysis is most useful for the purpose. Chemical treatment is usually performed to remove Fe before irradiation and to refine 54Mn after irradiation. A flow-sheet of the chemical treatment is shown. [JA] 27630 EFFECT OF IONIZATION LOSSES ON COSMIC RAY ENERGY IN EXPANDING UNIVERSE. Velinov, P.I. [Geophysical Inst., Sofia]. Compt. Rend. Acad. Bulg. Sci.; 27; No. 3, 333-336[1974].

The changes of energy and energy density of cosmic rays in the process of expansion of the megagalaxy are examined starting with the general equation for the change of energy, [JFP] 27631 CHARGE COMPOSITION OF HIGH ENERGY HEAVY PRIMARY COSMIC RAY NUCLEI. Price, R. D. Washington, DC; Catholic University of America [1974]. 175p. University Microfilms Order No. 74-15,995.

Thesis [Ph. D.].

A detailed study of the charge composition of primary cosmic radiation for about 5000 charged nuclei from neon to iron with energies greater than 1.16 GeV/nucleon is presented. Integral flux values of 10 = 2 = 14 = 9.58 x 10-1, 15 5 25 19 = 1.80 x 10-1, 20 = Z 23 = 1.15 x 10-4, and 24 Z = 28 = 2,37 x 10-1 particles/m2- sec-ster for rigidity greater than 4.9 GV and 10 S2 S 14 = 1.54 x 10°, 15 < 2 19 = 2.90 * 10-1, 20 < ZS 23 = 2.10 x 10-4 and 24 = 2 = 28 = 3.60 x 10- particles/m2-secster for rigidity greater than 3,25 GV are reported and compared to other recent measurements at similar geomagnetic latitude. These values are obtained after corrections were made for detector dependences, atmospheric attenuation and solar modulation. New values of 38.5, 32.4, 23,7, and 16.8 g/cm2 for the attenuation mean free paths in air for these same charge groups are presented. An ionization spectrometer was used to measure the charge spectrum. This detector system consisted of 3 pairs. A charge identification module with 2784 cm2-ster geometry factor, consisting of two plastic scintillators, one inorganic scintillator [CsI], and one Lucite plastic Cerenkov radiator, a four-grid [2 X-Y pairs] spark chamber to determine each particle's trajectory through the spectrometer, and an energy deposition module consisting of layers of tungsten, and iron interspersed with scintillator for measuring ionization energy loss. This detector measured the charge of a nucleus to an accuracy estimated to be