So sánh trong tiếng anh : Cấu trúc và cách sử dụng so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất trong tiếng anh
Tính từ/trạng từ dài và ngắn trong so sánh trong tiếng anh
Trong các dạng so sánh ta còn có khái niệm tính từ/trạng từ dài và ngắn. Tùy thuộc vào loại tính từ/trạng từ mà ta có sự biến đổi cho phù hợp với các thể so sánh
- Tính từ ngắn [short adjectives] gồm:
+ Tính từ một vần [syllable]. Ví dụ: long , short, big, hot, fat ..
+ Tính từ hai vần nhưng tận cùng bằng phụ âm + Y. Ví dụ: happy, lazy, busy, .......
- Tính từ dài [long adjectives] gồm
+ Những tính từ hai vần còn lại. Ví dụ: bored, careless,
+ Các tính từ từ ba vần trở lên. Ví dụ: beautiful, complicated,
- Trạng từ ngắn: là những trạng từ một vần. Ví dụ: hard, late, soon,
Lưu ý: Từ early tuy có hai vần nhưng vẫn xếp vào loại trạng từ ngắn.
- Trạng từ dài: là những trạng từ hai vần trở lên, ngoại trừ early và badly
Ví dụ: carefully, quiet,
Cấu trúc các dạng so sánh trong tiếng anh
So sánh bằng
So sánh không ngang bằng
| Q S1 + be/ V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux E.g: He is as old as my father. He drives as carefully as I [do].
Q S1 + negative V + as/so + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux E.g: He is not as/so old as my father. He doesnt drive as/so carefully as I [do].
|
So sánh hơn | Q S1 + be/ V + adj/ adv [short] + er + than + S2 + aux E.g: You arethinner than he [is]. He runs faster than I [do].
QS1 + V + more + adj/ adv [long] + than + S2 + aux E.g: He is more intelligent than I [am]. He drives more carefully than I [do].
|
So sánh nhất | Q S + be/V + the + adj/ adv [short] + est E.g: Nam is the tallest student in my class. Cheetah runs [the] fastest in the world.
Q S + be/ V + the most + adj/ adv[long] E.g: He is the most intelligent student in my class. Of the students in my class, Nam speaks English [the] most fluently.
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So sánh kép | Q The adj/ adv [comparative] + S + V, the + adj/ adv [comparative] + S + V [càng càng] E.g:The more beautiful she is, the more modest she becomes. The harder he studies, the wiser he becomes.
Q More and more + adj/ adv [long] Adj/ adv [short] + er and adj [short] + er: càng ngày càng ... E.g:Life in the city ismore and more stressful. They workharder and harder.
|
So sánh kém | Q S1 + be/ V + less + adj/ adv + than + S2 Q S + be/ V + the least adj/ adv E.g: This film is less interesting than the one I saw yesterday. He works least effectively in our group.
|
So sánh với danh từ |
Q S1 + V + as many/ much + N as S2 + aux S1 +negative V as/ so few/ little + N as S2 + aux E.g He earns as much money as I do. I dont have as/ so many friends as he does. Q S1 + V + more/ fewer/ less + N + than S2 + aux E.g He has collected more stamps than I have. I have collected fewer stamps than he has. Q S + V + most/ fewest/ least + N E.g I have least free time in my family. |
Lưu ý:
- Ta thường sử dụng so sánh bằng khi muốn nhấn mạnh điều này gấp điều kia bao nhiêu lần
Ví dụ:
Her husband is twicce as old as she [is][Chồng cô ta già gấp đôi cô]
- Một số từ nhấn mạnh thường đứng trước tính từ/trạng từ so sánh: much, a lot, far, slightly, a bit, no, any, ...
>> Her husband is much/ far/ a lot/... older than her.
Tính từ/trạng từ đặc biệt dùng trong các dạng so sánh
Số | So sánh bằng | So sánh hơn | So sánh nhất | Nghĩa |
1. | bad/badly/ ill | worse | worst | Tồi, dở/ ốm yếu |
2. | good/ well | better | best | Tốt, giỏi |
3. | much | more | most | Nhiều |
4. | little | less | least | Ít |
5. | far | farther/ further | farthest/ furthest | Xa [distance] / Rộng [range] |
6. | old | older/ elder | oldest/ eldest | Già, cũ [for all]/ [brother/ sister] |
Bài tập về câu so sánh trong tiếng anh
Chia từ trong ngoặc
- Can't you think of anything _____ ________[intelligent] to say?
- Well, the place looks _____________[clean] now.
- Janet looks ______thinner______[thin] than she did.
- You need to draw it _______more careful_______[carefully] .
- The weather is getting ___________ [bad].
- The programme will be shown at a __________ [late] date.
- I can't stay ________________[long] than half an hour.
- A mobile phone would be a_______________ [useful] present.
- I'll try to finish the job ________________ [soon].
- It was_______________ [busy] than usual in town today.
- I'll be even_____________ [annoyed] if you do that again.
- Since the break-in I feel ____________ [nervous].
- Lan sings .. [ sweet ] than Hoa
- Mai is [ tall ] of the four girls
- Your accent is .. [ bad ] mine
- There was a storm yesterday. Today, the weathers [ beautiful ]
- He runs . [ fast ] of all
- Which one of the three books do you think is [ interesting ] ?
- Which hotel is . [ far ] from the airport, The Renaissance or The Camellia
- Viết dạng so sánh nhất của những từ trong ngoặc.
- That was the __________ [funny] film I've ever seen.
- It was the ______________[horrible] feeling I've ever had.
- Have you read her ______________[recent] book?
- It's the _______________[large] company in the country.
- It was the _______________[boring] speech I've ever heard.
- You've got the _______________[far] to travel.
- That's the _____________[helpful] idea so far.
- The factory uses the ________________ [modern] production methods.
- This is the __________________[early] I've ever got up.
- It was the ________________[sad] day of my life.
Đáp án
- Can't you think of anything _____more intelligent ________[intelligent] to say?
- Well, the place looks _____cleaner________[clean] now.
- Janet looks ______thinner______[thin] than she did.
- You need to draw it _______more carefully_______[carefully] .
- The weather is getting ___worse________ [bad].
- The programme will be shown at a ____later______ [late] date.
- I can't stay _____longer___________[long] than half an hour.
- A mobile phone would be a_____more useful__________ [useful] present.
- I'll try to finish the job ________sooner________ [soon].
- It was______busier_________ [busy] than usual in town today.
- I'll be even______more annoyed_______ [annoyed] if you do that again.
- Since the break-in I feel ____more nervous________ [nervous].
- Lan sings more sweetly than Hoa
- Mai is the tallest of the four girls
- Your accent is worse than mine
- There was a storm yesterday. Today, the weathers more beautiful
- He runs the fastest of all [có thể bỏ THE]
- Which one of the three books do you think is the most interesting ?
- Which hotel is further from the airport, The Renaissance or The Camellia?
- Viết dạng so sánh nhất của những từ trong ngoặc.
- That was the _____most funny_____ [funny] film I've ever seen.
- It was the _______most horrible_______[horrible] feeling I've ever had.
- Have you read her _____most recent_________[recent] book?
- It's the ______largest_________[large] company in the country.
- It was the ______most boring_________[boring] speech I've ever heard.
- You've got the _____furthest__________[far] to travel.
- That's the _____most helpful________[helpful] idea so far.
- The factory uses the ______most modern__________ [modern] production methods.
- This is the _________earliest_________[early] I've ever got up.
- It was the ______saddest__________[sad] d
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