Bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp lớp 9

May 13, 2021July 23, 2020 by Trần Tiến Duy

Công thức ứng dụng chi tiết và bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp bên dưới đây sẽ giúp bạn học tập tốt hơn và dễ dàng ghi nhớ nhất.

Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp là một phần ngữ pháp căn bản rất quan trọng trong Tiếng Anh và xuất hiện nhiều trong đề thi. Vậy Câu trực tiếp gián tiếp hay là gì? Cách làm bài tập dạng câu trực tiếp gián tiếp như thế nào? Hãy cùngTienganhduhoc.vngiải đáp câu hỏicâu trực tiếp-gián tiếp trong Tiếng Anh là gì vàcách áp dụng vào bài tập cụ thểsao cho linh hoạt nhé!

Khái niệm công thức câu trực tiếp/ gián tiếp

Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp.

• Lời nói trực tiếp [direct speech]: là nói chính xác điều ai đó diễn đạt [còn gọi là trích dẫn]. Lời của người nói sẽ được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép.

Ví dụ: She said , The exam is difficult. The exam is difficult là lời nói trực tiếp hay câu trực ti

• Lời nói gián tiếp câu tường thuật [indirect speech]: Là thuật lại lời nói của một người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp, không dùng dấu ngoặc kép.

Ví dụ: Hoa said,I want to go home -> Hoa said she wanted to go home là câu gián tiếp [indirect speech]

• Say and tell

Sử dụng Say khi không có đối tượng gián tiếp:

He said that he was tired.

Luôn luôn sử dụng tell khi bạn nói ai đang được nói chuyện [nghĩa là với một đối tượng gián tiếp]:

John told me she likes football.

• Talk and speak:

Sử dụng các động từ này để mô tả hành động giao tiếp:

He talked to us. She was speaking on the telephone.

Sử dụng các động từ này với about để chỉ những gì đã nói:

He talked [to us] about his parents.

Cách chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp

Để chuyểncâu trực tiếpsang gián tiếpthì bạn chỉ cần ghép nội dung tường thuật vào phía sau câu nói, lùi thì của động từ xuống 1 cấp quá khứ, đại từ sẽ chuyển đổi linh hoạt.

• Thay đổi thời gian và địa điểm

Thời gian và địa điểm thường phải thay đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp.

Cụm từ trong lời nói trực tiếp [Phrase in direct speech]	Tương đương trong câu gián tiếp [Equivalent in reported speech]
today	that day
I saw himtoday, she said.	She said that she had seen himthat day.
yesterday	the day before
I saw himyesterday, she said.	She said that she had seen himthe day before.
The day before yesterday	two days before
I met herthe day before yesterday, he said.	He said that he had met hertwo days before.
Tomorrow	the next/following day
Ill see youtomorrow, he said	He said that he would see methe next day.
The day after tomorrow	in two days time/ two days later
Well comethe day after tomorrow, they said.	They said that they would comein two days time/ two days later.
Next week/month/year	the following week/month/year
I have an appointmentnext week, she said.	She said that she had an appointmentthe following week.
Last week/month/year	the previous/week/month/year
I was on holidaylast week, he told us.	He told us that he had been on holidaythe previous week.
ago	before
I saw hera week ago, he said.	He said he had seen hera week before.
this [for time]	that
Im getting a new carthis week, she said.	She said she was getting a new carthat week.
this/that [adjectives]	the
Do you likethis shirt? he asked	He asked if I likedthe shirt.
here	there
He said, I livehere.	He told me he livedthere.

Các câu thay đổi thời gian và địa điểm

Lưu ý: đại từ nhân xưng thay đổi thành số ít hoặc số nhiều của ngôi thứ ba, ngoại trừ khi người nói tường thuật bằng ngôn ngữ của họ:

He said: I like your new car. = He told her that he liked her new car.
I said: Im going to my friends house. = I said that I was going to my friends house.

• Thay đổi thì[tense] khi sử dụng câu gián tiếp:

Nếu động từ tường thuật [reporting verb] của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp [direct speech] sang lời nói gián tiếp [indirect / reported speech] theo quy tắc sau:

Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
Simple present	Simple past
I alwaysdrinkcoffee, she said	She said that she alwaysdrankcoffee.
Present continuous	Past continuous
Iam readinga book, he explained.	He explained that hewas readinga book
Simple past	Past perfect
Billarrivedon Saturday, he said.	He said that Billhad arrivedon Saturday.
Present perfect	Past perfect
Ihave beento Spain, he told me.	He told me that hehad beento Spain.
Past perfect	Past perfect
Ihad just turned outthe light, he explained.	He explained that hehad just turned outthe light.
Present perfect continuous	Past perfect continuous
They complained, Wehave been waitingfor hours.	They complained that theyhad been waitingfor hours.
Past continuous	Past perfect continuous
Wewere livingin Paris, they told me.	They told me that theyhad been livingin Paris.
Future	Present conditional
Iwill bein Geneva on Monday, he said.	He said that hewould bein Geneva on Monday.
Future continuous	Conditional continuous
She said, Ill be usingthe car next Friday.	She said that shewould be usingthe car next Friday.

Thay đổi thì[tense] khi sử dụng câu gián tiếp

*Lưu ý: Bạn không cần thay đổi thì nếu động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại hoặc nếu tuyên bố ban đầu là về một điều gì đó vẫn đúng, ví dụ:

He sayshe has missedthe train buthell catchthe next one.

We explained thatit isvery difficult to find our house.

Những động từ khiếm khuyết này không thay đổi trong lời nói gián tiếp:might, could, would, should, ought to:

We explained, Itcouldbe difficult to find our house. = We explained that itcouldbe difficult to find our house.

She said, Imightbring a friend to the party. = She said that shemightbring a friend to the party.

• Biến đổi đại từ và các từ hạn định theo bảng sau:

	Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
Chủ ngữ	I	he/ she
You	I/ We/ They
We	We/ They
Tân ngữ	me	him/ her
you	me/ us/ them
us	us/ them
Đại từ sở hữu	my	his/ her
your	my/ our/ their
our	our/ their
Đại từ sở hữu	mine	his/ hers
yours	mine/ ours/ theirs
ours	ours/ theirs
Đại từ chỉ định	this	the/ that
these	the/ those

Biến đổi đại từ và các từ hạn định

Dạng câu hỏi câu gián tiếp

• Trật tự từ

Thông thường thứ tự từ được sử dụng trong các câu hỏi được tường thuật, đó là chủ từ đứng trước động từ và không cần thiết phải sử dụng do hoặc did:

Examples

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Where does Peter live?	She asked him where Peter lived.
Where are you going?	She asked where I was going.
Why is she crying?	He asked why she was crying.

• Yes / no questions:

Loại câu hỏi này được chuyển sang dạng được tường thuật bằng cách sử dụng ask + if / whether + mệnh đề:

Examples

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Do you speak English?	He asked me if I spoke English.
Are you British or American?	He asked me whether I was British or American.
Is it raining?	She asked if it was raining.
Have you got a computer?	He wanted to know whether I had a computer.
Can you type?	She asked if I could type.
Did you come by train?	He enquired whether I had come by train.
Have you been to Bristol before?	She asked if I had been to Bristol before.

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• Từ đặt câu hỏi:

Loại câu hỏi này được chuyển sang dạng được tường thuật bằng cách sử dụng ask [hoặc động từ khác như ask] + từ đặt câu hỏi + mệnh đề. Mệnh đề chứa câu hỏi, theo thứ tự từ thông thường và với sự thay đổi thì cần thiết:

Examples

Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
What is your name? he asked me.	He asked me what my name was.
How old is your mother?, he asked.	He asked how old her mother was.
The policeman said to the boy, Where do you live?	The policeman asked the boy where he lived.
What time does the train arrive? she asked.	She asked what time the train arrived.
When can we have dinner? she asked.	She asked when they could have dinner.
Peter said to John, Why are you so late?	Peter asked John why he was so late.

Câu tường thuật gián tiếp

Câu tường thuật gián tiếp : mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, đề nghị[orders, requests & suggestions]

• Tường thuật gián tiếp mệnh lệnh và yêu cầu:

Khi chúng ta muốn tường thuật gián tiếp một mệnh lệnh hoặc yêu cầu, chúng ta có thể sử dụng một động từ như tell với một mệnh đề -to: He told me to go away.

Mẫu câu: động từ + túc từ gián tiếp + mệnh đề -to. Túc từ gián tiếp là người được nói đến.

Các động từ khác được sử dụng để tường thuật gián tiếp các mệnh lệnh và yêu cầu theo cách này là: command, order, warn, ask, advise, invite, beg, teach, & forbid.

Examples

Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
The doctor said to me, Stop smoking!.	The doctortold me to stop smoking.
Get out of the car! said the policeman.	The policemanordered him to get outof the car.
Could you please be quiet, she said.	Sheasked me to bequiet.
The man with the gun said to us, Dont move!	The man with the gunwarned us not to move.

Túc từ yêu cầu for:

Túc từ yêu cầu for trong câu tường thuật dùng mẫu câu asked for + túc từ.

Examples

Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
Can I have an apple?, she asked.	Sheasked foran apple.
Can I have a newspaper, please?	Heasked forthe newspaper.
May I have a glass of water? he said.	Heasked fora glass of water.
Sugar, please.	Sheasked forthe sugar.
Could I have three kilos of onions?	Heasked forthree kilos of onions.

• Sự đề nghị

Sử dụng những động từ như suggest, insist, recommend, demand, request, và propose theo sau mệnh đề -that.

Examples

Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
She said, Why dont you get a mechanic to look at the car?	She suggestedthat I should geta mechanic to look at the car.OR She suggestedI should geta mechanic to look at the car.OR She suggestedthat I geta mechanic to look at the car.OR She suggestedI geta mechanic to look at the car.
Why dont you go to the doctor? he said.	He suggestedI goto the doctor.OR He suggestedthat I goto the doctor.OR He suggestedI should goto the doctor.OR He suggestedthat I should goto the doctor.
It would be a good idea to see the dentist, said my mother.	My mothersuggested I seethe dentist.
The dentist said, I think you should use a different toothbrush.	The dentistrecommended usinga different toothbrush.
You said, I dont think you have time to see the dentist this week.	Yousuggested postponingmy visit to the dentist.
I said, I dont think you should see the dentist this week.	Isuggested postponingyour visit to the dentist.
My manager said, I think we should examine the budget carefully at this meeting.	My managerproposed that we examinethe budget carefully at the meeting.
Why dont you sleep overnight at my house? she said.	Shesuggested that I sleepovernight at her house.

• Lời cảnh báo, xin lỗi

Chúng ta có thể thuật lại các loại câu này bằng cách dùng say , ask, hoặc chúng ta có thể sử dụng offer, warn, apologize v.v.

I can lend you some money. [Tôi có thể cho bạn mượn ít tiền được không.]

Sue offered to lend me some money. [Sue đề nghị cho tôi mượn ít tiền.]

Sue said she could lend me some money. [Sue nói cô ấy có thể cho tôi mượn ít tiền.]

Động từ tường thuật

Một số động từ tườngthuật phổ biến là: tell [bảo], ask [yêu cầu, hỏi], encourage [động viên], want[muốn], advise [khuyên], agree [đồng ý], invite [mời], remind [nhắc nhở],promise [hứa], warn [cảnh báo],

Trên đây là tổng hợp Công thức ứng dụng chi tiết cho câu trực tiếp- gián tiếp.

Bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp

Bài 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau

1. Where is my umbrella? she asked.
She asked .

2. How are you? Martin asked us.
Martin asked us .

3. He asked, Do I have to do it?
He asked .

4. Where have you been? the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter .

5. Which dress do you like best? she asked her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend.. ..

6. What are they doing? she asked.
She wanted to know.

7. Are you going to the cinema? he asked me.
He wanted to know.

8. The teacher asked, Who speaks English?
The teacher wanted to know.

9. How do you know that? she asked me.
She asked me .

10. Has Caron talked to Kevin? my friend asked me.
My friend asked me .

11. Whats the time? he asked.
He wanted to know

12. When will we meet again? she asked me.
She asked me

13. Are you crazy? she asked him.
She asked him

14. Where did they live? he asked.
He wanted to know

15. Will you be at the party? he asked her.
He asked her

16. Can you meet me at the station? she asked me.
She asked me

17. Who knows the answer? the teacher asked.
The teacher wanted to know

18. Why dont you help me? she asked him.
She wanted to know

19. Did you see that car? he asked me.
He asked me

20. Have you tidied up your room? the mother asked the twins.
The mother asked the twins ..

Bài 2: Bài tập câu tường thuật pha trộn negative và positive

1. She said, Go upstairs.
She told me

2. Close the door behind you, he told me.
He told me

3. Dont be late, he advised us.
He advised us

4. Stop staring at me, she said.
She told him

5. Dont be angry with me, he said.
He asked her

6. Leave me alone, she said.
She told me

7. Dont drink and drive, she warned us.
She warned us

8. John, stop smoking, she said.
She told John

9. Dont worry about us, they said.
They told her

10. Meet me at the cinema. he said.
He asked me

11. He said, I like this song.
He said

12. Where is your sister? she asked me.
She asked me

13. I dont speak Italian, she said.
She said

14. Say hello to Jim, they said.
They asked me

15. The film began at seven oclock, he said.
He said that

16. Dont play on the grass, boys, she said.
She told

17. Where have you spent your money? she asked him.
She asked him

18. I never make mistakes, he said.
He said

19. Does she know Robert? he wanted to know.
He wanted

20. Dont try this at home, the stuntman told the audience.
The stuntman advised

Đáp án bài tập

Bài 1: Đáp án Hoàn thành các câu

1. She asked me where her umbrella was.
2. Martin asked us how we were.
3. He asked if he had to do it.
4. The mother asked her daughter where she had been.
5. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best.
6. She wanted to know what they were doing.
7. He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema.
8. The teacher wanted to know who spoke English.
9. She asked me how I knew that.
10. My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin.
11. He wanted to know what time it was.
12. She asked me when we would meet again.
13. She asked him if he was crazy.
14. He wanted to know where they had lived.
15. He asked her if she would be at the party.
16. She asked me if I could meet her at the station.
17. The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer.
18. She wanted to know why he didnt help her.
19. He asked me if I had seen that car.
20. The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room.

Bài 2: Đáp án bài tập câu tường thuật pha trộn negative và positive

1. She told me to go upstairs.
2. He told me to close the door behind me.
3. He advised us not to be late.
4. She told him to stop staring at her.
5. He asked her not to be angry with him.
6. She told me to leave her alone.
7. She warned us not to drink and drive.
8. She told John to stop smoking.
9. They told her not to worry about them.
10. He asked me to meet him at the cinema.
11. He said that he liked that song.
12. She asked me where my sister was.
13. She said that she didnt speak Italian.
14. They asked me to say hello to Jim.
15. He said that the film began at seven oclock.
16. She told the boys not to play on the grass.
17. She asked him where he had spent his money.
18. He said that he never made mistakes.
19. He wanted to know if she knew Robert.
20. The stuntman advised the audience not to try that at home.

Hi vọng rằng với các kiến thức mà Tienganhduhoc.vn cung cấp bên trên, các bạn hoàn toàn có thể làm chủ kiến thức vềcâu tường thuật, câu gián tiếpvà trực tiếp trong tiếng anh. Chúc các bạn học tốt nhé!

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