Cheat sheet for drinks at Starbucks
Offering communities of practice [a group of employees who work together learn from each and develop a common understanding of how to get work done]
Managers identify workers with a concern for quality and safety, willingness to learn, and a desire to help others
When there is provided technical resources that help people acquire and share information. [i.e. EPPS System]
Knowledge management systems including online and database tools also make it easy for employees to look up information they want to review or consult later
Organizations setting up social media applications that promote learning.
Trainers have trainees set up goals for using skills or behaviors on the job, identifying conditions under which they might fail to use the skills and behaviors.
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1. Organization - What is the context in which training will
occur?
2. Person - Who needs training?
3. Task - What subjects should training cover?
Organization analysis [10]: process for determining
appropriateness of training by evaluating characteristics of the organization
Person Analysis [11]: process of determining individuals' needs and readiness for training
Task Analysis [13]: process of identifying and analyzing tasks to be trained which usually done in conjunction with person analysis
Management Support [17]: As with anything in the organization, success will not occur unless employees perceive that the top management think it is important
Readiness:
a. Ability to learn subject matter. Aptitude?
b. Favorable attitudes towards training.
c. Motivation to learn.
d. Self-efficacy: does the employee think s/he will be able to learn?
e. Positive work environment: encourages learning and avoids interfering
with training
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process of systematically
developing training to meet specified needs.
Stages:
1. Assess needs for training -
-Needs Assessment: process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and employee's tasks to determine what kinds of training are necessary. Org, Person, Task.
-Organization Analysis: a process for determining the appropriateness of training by evaluating the characteristics of the org. Org strategy, available resources, manager support.
-Person Analysis: determining individual
needs and readiness
-Task Analysis: process of identifying and analyzing tasks requiring training - analysis of work processes. Equipment, environment, time constraints, safety considerations, performance standards.
2. Ensure readiness for training - a combination of employee characteristics and positive work environment that permit training
3. Plan training program [objectives - statement of expectations, quality of performance, conditions, performance standards, resources - , trainers
- in house or contracted out, methods - presentation, hands on, group building]
4. Implement training program [principles of learning, transfer of training]
5. Evaluate results of training
ADDIE - Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate
1. Classroom instruction
2. Audiovisual training - workbooks/DVD
3. Computer based training - internet/CDROM, interactive. Elearning: receiving training vi the internet or the organization's intranet.
Electronic performance support system [EPSs]: computer application that provides access to skills training, information, and expert advice as needed.
4. On the job training - training methods in which a person with job experiences and skill guides trainees in practicing job skills at the workplace. Apprenticeship: a work study training method that teaches job skills through a combination of on the job training and classroom training. Internship: on the job learning sponsored by an
educational institution as a component of an academic program.
5. Simulations - a training method that represents a real life situation, with trainees making decisions resulting in outcomes that mirror what would happen on the job. Avatars: computer depictions of trainees, which the trainees manipulate in an online role-play. Virtual reality: a computer based technology that provides an interactive, three dimensional learning experience.
6. Business games and case studies - develop
employee's management skills. Case study is a detailed description of a situation that trainees study and discuss.
7. Behavior modeling - training session sin which participants observe other people demonstrating the desired behavior, then have opportunities to practice the behavior themselves.
8. Experiential programs - training programs in which participants learn concepts and apply them by simulating behaviors involved and analyzing the activity, connecting it with real life
situations. Adventure learning: a teamwork and leadership training program based on the use of challenging, structured, outdoor activities.
9. Team training - coordinates the performance of individuals who work together to achieve a common goal. Cross training: team members understand and practice each other's skills so that they are prepared to step in and take another member's place. Coordination training: teaches the team how to share information and make decisions to obtain the best team
performance. Team leader training: training in the skills necessary for effectively leading the organization's teams.
10. Action learning - training in which teams get an actual problem, work on solving it and commit to an action plan and are accountable for carrying it out.