DEVOLUTION |
|
EXAMPLES:
Czechoslovakia - divided into Czech Republic and Slovakia, ethnic
Yugoslavia - ethnic and religious, violent "ethnic cleansing", separate nations Balkanization
Sri Lanka- Sinhalese [Buddhist] suppressed by Tamil [Hindu], violent Civil Wars
Western China - Tibet & Uygher separatism, terrorism, ethnic
United Kingdom - Scotland gets seperate Parliament, allegiance to Queen questions
Catalonia/Spain -
ethnocultural, economic, Catalonia wants independence due to economic superiority
Italy - North and South differences over economy and climate, Sardinia wants autonomy
USA - Hawaii wants lost rights as a kingdom restored
Crimea - Russia and Ukraine, mix of Russians and Ukrainians
Brazil - economic difference, south wealthier
Yugoslavia - ethnic and religious, violent "ethnic cleansing", seperate nations Balkanization |
Sri Lanka- Sinhalese [Buddhist] suppressed by Tamil [Hindu], violent Civi |
Crimea - Russia and Ukraine, mix of Russians and Ukrainians |
Western China - Tibet & Uygher seperatism, terrorism, ethnic |
Italy - North and South differences over economy and climate, Sardinia wants autonomy |
Catalonia/Spain - ethnocultural, economic, Catlaonia wants independence due to economic superiority |
Czechoslovakia - divided into Czech Republic and Slovakia, ethnic |
USA - Hawaii wants lost rights as a kingdom restored |
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Terms in this set [36]
Centripetal Forces
Unite country, pull it together
Centrifugal Forces
Divides country, forcing it apart
The Basques
Where? -
Spain
Why more autonomy? - more freedom, different ethnicities and religions, want control of own economics and resources
Factors that might influence a country to separate from its STATE [country]
....
Devolution
Ceding Power from a central government to regional or local governments
-Basque Country
Forces that Impact Devolution
-physical geography
-ethnic separatism
-terrorism
-economic & social problems
-tribalism
-Irredentism
Physical Geography
Impacts the degree a state is unified or fragmented
example:
The Balkan States [southeast Europe] have mountains the Basques have the Pyrenees
Physical Geography Effects
-can isolate areas
-make difficult to feel incorporated into mainstream
-lead to cultures much different from rest of country
-create barriers to diffusion of culture
Example: Hawaii
Indonesia [Example of Physical Geography]
- Indonesian archipelago [group of islands] is largest in world
- creates many local identities
and a weak unitary government
Poland [Non-Example of Physical Geography]
Compact and flat, low elevation make devolution less likely, and a unitary state more likely
Ethnic Separatism
When an ethnic group desires to separate from larger group
Ethnic Separatism Examples
-The Basques in Spain
-Quebec
-Belgium
Ethnonationalism
a form of nationalism in which an ethnic group to have control of their own political, economic, & social affairs
Terrorism
Sub-national terrorism coincides with the rise of nation-state and can be devolutionary
Sub-national Terrorism
Can be a result of those who feel wronged by their own or another government
Economic and Social Problems: differences in wealth = division
Europe has major separatist movements in the United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium, and Italy
Difference in Wealth = division [EXAMPLES]
Italy
-North is industrialized and wealthy
-South remains agrarian and poorer
United Kingdom composition
England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland
Tribalism
When people feel greater allegiance and loyalty to their own ethnic group than to a state as a whole
Irredentism
The idea that a state should be annexed becuase an ethnicity had a prior historical possession of the land
Irredentism Examples
-Hungarians
-Serbians
Armenia/Azerbaijan
A conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh is an example of Irredentism. Both sides make historical claims to land.
Nunavut
In 1999 the province of Nunavut was created for the Inuit in Canada. The region was granted some regional autonomy and ability to self-govern.
Autonomous Regions
Usually in the form of self-government, not complete independence
Autonomous Region Examples
-Native American Reservations in the United States
-Nunavut [region of Canada made of native Inuit people]
Subnational Political Units
When people give their primary allegiance to traditional groups or nations that are smaller than the population of the entire state
Subnational Political Unit Examples
Spain - Basques
Belgium - Flemish
Canada - Québécois
Separatist Movements
Movements in which nationalities within a country demand independence
-Catalonia
-Chechnya
-Kurds
-Texas Secessionists
Balkanization
Breaking up or fragmentation into smaller units
-Former
Yugoslavia broke up because of ethno-nationalism
Ethnic Cleansing
Violent removal of an ethnic group from a political space to secure spatial homogenization by the perpetrating state or ethnic group
-Bert & Ernie Definition: the violent removal of an ethnic group from an area
-Muslims in Bosnia
Balkanization in the former USSR
groups in the Caucasus [Chechnya, Abkhazia, South Ossetia] in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine sought independence after the Soviet Union collapsed
The Velvet Divorce: Czechoslovakia
Peaceful split of Czechoslovakia into Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1989
The Color Revolutions
Political movements in parts of the former Soviet Union & the Balkans that advocated closer ties to "the west"[Europe and the United States]
Forces that Seperate Countries
-physical geography
-ethnic separatism
-terrorism
-economic/social problems
-irredentism
Political impacts of Devolution
-autonomous regions
-subnational political units
-separatist
movements
-Balkanization
Strategies to prevent Devolution
-ethnic cleaning
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